Widespread of grapevine phytoplasmas disease in Serbia

Abstract

The widespread of phytoplasmasa of the grapevine in Serbia was investigated from 2003 to 2005. A total of 505 vineyards were examined in 25 vineyard areals. According to results geographical distribution of phytoplasmas in vineyards in Serbia was obtained, as wel as the disease severity and types of pathogens that were identified. Phytoplasmas presence has been proved in 22 of 25 vineyards areals, and in 354 of 505 observed vineyards. Incidenece of phytoplasmas were registred in the vines of all varieties observed and tested, but in unequal severity. High level of infection of vine (in some cases over 50%) was found in vineyard areals of Sićevo, Župa, Trstenik and Negotin. On the other hand, phytoplasmas were not found or not prowed in areals of Pocersko, Prokupačko and Ražanjsko. The high severity were detected at vine cvs. Plovdina (90%) and Chardonnay (67%), medium at cvs. Župski bojadiser (34%), Frankovka (29%) and Smederevka (27%), low at Black Burgundy (20%), Rhine Riesling (18%) and Italian Riesling (9%), and in trace at cv. Prokupac (4%). The presence of two phytoplasmas were proved by PCR: 'Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis' (Flavescence dorée - FD) and 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' (Bois noir - BN). It was proved that 'Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis' in Serbia belongs to 16SrV-C strain.

Dat je prikaz rasprostranjenosti fitoplazmoza na vinovoj lozi u Srbiji za period od 2003. do 2005. godine. Ukupno je pregledano 505 vinograda u 25 vinogorja. Rezultati pokazuju raširenost fitoplazmoza po vinogorjima Srbije, zatim zaraženost najzanačajnijih sorata vinove loze, kao i vrste patogena koji su identifikovani. Prisustvo fitoplazmoza dokazano je u 22 od 25 vinogorja, odnosno u 354 od 505 osmatrana vinograda. Pojava fitoplazmoznih oboljenja registrovana je na čokotima svih sorata obuhvaćenih u ovom radu, ali u nejednakom intezitetu. Visok stepen zaraze (pojedini slučajevi preko 50%) utvrđen je u Sićevačkom, Župskom, Trsteničkom i Negotinskom vinogorju. S druge strane, fitoplazmozna oboljenja na vinovoj lozi nisu nađena, odnosno dokazana u Pocerskom, Prokupačkom i Ražanjskom vinogorju. Jak stepen zaraze utvrđen je na sortama Plovdina (90%) i Šardone (67%), srednji na Župskom bojadiseru (34%), Frankovki (29%) i Smederevki (27%), osetna zaraza dokazana je na Crnom burgundcu (20%), Rajnskom (18%) i Italijanskom rizlingu (9%) a zaraza u tragovima otkrivena je na sorti Prokupac (4%). Prisustvo fitoplazmi u čokotima sa simptomima fitoplazmoznih oboljenja dokazana je molekularnobiološkim metodama (PCR). Utvrđeno je prisustvo dve fitoplazme i to 'Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis' prouzrokovač zlatastog žutila (Flavescence dorée - FD) i 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' prouzrokovač crnila drveta (Bois noir - BN). 'Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis' dokazana na vinovoj lozi u nas pripada 16SrV-C soju.