TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bačić, Jasmina
AU  - Geric-Stare, Barbara
AU  - Strajnar, P.
AU  - Sirca, Saša
AU  - Urek, Gregor
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://enauka.gov.rs/handle/123456789/778708
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1188
AB  - In 2014, a potato (Solanum tuberosum var. Kuroda) crop exhibiting 70% galling of tubers was observed in Bački Vinogradi, Vojvodina Province, Serbia. Potatoes had been grown every year for 5 years on this 1-ha site of sandy soil; tomatoes had been grown before that. In 2014, yield loss was observed for the first time at this location. Yield loss was approximately 20 tons/ha due to external galling and internal necrosis just below the skin, caused by an unknown root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne sp.). Galls were large, easily noticeable and scattered densely across the tuber surface. Adult females were visible just below the surface as white, pear-shaped bodies surrounded by a yellowish layer of host tissue. Symptoms of stunted and wilted plants were not detected despite heavy tuber infestation. The galls produced on potato tubers resembled damage caused by M. chitwoodi and M. fallax. Morphological characterization of female perineal patterns was analyzed on freshly isolated females (n = 30). Morphological identification of the species based on perineal patterns indicated the nematode was M. incognita. Species identification was further confirmed by isozyme phenotyping by esterase and malate dehydrogenase of 20 young egg-laying females (Strajnar et al. 2009). The isozyme patterns were I1 and N1, typical for M. incognita. Species identification was confirmed by mtDNA sequence analysis. A region of mtDNA was amplified with primers C2F3 and 1108 (Powers and Harris 1993), cloned, sequenced (GenBank Accession No. LN864824). Similarity of the sequence to other M. incognita sequences (99.9% identity) in GenBank and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the species identification. Meloidogyne incognita is globally the most rapidly spreading plant-parasitic nematode (Bebber et al. 2014), and is often referred to as one of the most damaging Meloidogyne species. It is found worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions as it prefers a warm habitat. In temperate regions, M. incognita is usually found in greenhouses. The investigation of distribution of Meloidogyne spp. in Serbia dates back to the 1980s (Jovičić and Grujičić 1986). During this intensive survey, widespread occurrence of M. incognita was observed, with M. incognita found in 18 localities. Meloidogyne incognita has been reported on tomatoes, cucumbers, and carnations in greenhouses and on field-grown tomatoes and peppers. Damage by M. incognita has only been reported on field-grown sunflower and tobacco plants. The severe damage reported here was a result of favorable conditions for this species leading to high infestation probably due to the combination of sandy soil and recently experienced warmer summers. There have been other reports of M. incognita found outside of greenhouses in open fields of temperate regions as well (Castillo and Jiménez-Díaz 2003). However, the severity of the damage from M. incognita observed on potato in the continental climate of the Balkan Peninsula has never been seen before. We anticipate that climate change and increased temperatures will result in significantly greater damage to potato by M. incognita in the future and may become an emerging problem for the Balkan Peninsula and other temperate regions of the world.

back
PB  - American Phytopathological Society
T2  - Plant Disease
T1  - First Report of a Highly Damaged Potato Crop From Serbia Caused by Meloidogyne incognita
EP  - 1021
IS  - 5
SP  - 1021
VL  - 100
DO  - 10.1094/PDIS-09-15-1072-PDN
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Bačić, Jasmina and Geric-Stare, Barbara and Strajnar, P. and Sirca, Saša and Urek, Gregor",
year = "2016",
abstract = "In 2014, a potato (Solanum tuberosum var. Kuroda) crop exhibiting 70% galling of tubers was observed in Bački Vinogradi, Vojvodina Province, Serbia. Potatoes had been grown every year for 5 years on this 1-ha site of sandy soil; tomatoes had been grown before that. In 2014, yield loss was observed for the first time at this location. Yield loss was approximately 20 tons/ha due to external galling and internal necrosis just below the skin, caused by an unknown root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne sp.). Galls were large, easily noticeable and scattered densely across the tuber surface. Adult females were visible just below the surface as white, pear-shaped bodies surrounded by a yellowish layer of host tissue. Symptoms of stunted and wilted plants were not detected despite heavy tuber infestation. The galls produced on potato tubers resembled damage caused by M. chitwoodi and M. fallax. Morphological characterization of female perineal patterns was analyzed on freshly isolated females (n = 30). Morphological identification of the species based on perineal patterns indicated the nematode was M. incognita. Species identification was further confirmed by isozyme phenotyping by esterase and malate dehydrogenase of 20 young egg-laying females (Strajnar et al. 2009). The isozyme patterns were I1 and N1, typical for M. incognita. Species identification was confirmed by mtDNA sequence analysis. A region of mtDNA was amplified with primers C2F3 and 1108 (Powers and Harris 1993), cloned, sequenced (GenBank Accession No. LN864824). Similarity of the sequence to other M. incognita sequences (99.9% identity) in GenBank and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the species identification. Meloidogyne incognita is globally the most rapidly spreading plant-parasitic nematode (Bebber et al. 2014), and is often referred to as one of the most damaging Meloidogyne species. It is found worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions as it prefers a warm habitat. In temperate regions, M. incognita is usually found in greenhouses. The investigation of distribution of Meloidogyne spp. in Serbia dates back to the 1980s (Jovičić and Grujičić 1986). During this intensive survey, widespread occurrence of M. incognita was observed, with M. incognita found in 18 localities. Meloidogyne incognita has been reported on tomatoes, cucumbers, and carnations in greenhouses and on field-grown tomatoes and peppers. Damage by M. incognita has only been reported on field-grown sunflower and tobacco plants. The severe damage reported here was a result of favorable conditions for this species leading to high infestation probably due to the combination of sandy soil and recently experienced warmer summers. There have been other reports of M. incognita found outside of greenhouses in open fields of temperate regions as well (Castillo and Jiménez-Díaz 2003). However, the severity of the damage from M. incognita observed on potato in the continental climate of the Balkan Peninsula has never been seen before. We anticipate that climate change and increased temperatures will result in significantly greater damage to potato by M. incognita in the future and may become an emerging problem for the Balkan Peninsula and other temperate regions of the world.

back",
publisher = "American Phytopathological Society",
journal = "Plant Disease",
title = "First Report of a Highly Damaged Potato Crop From Serbia Caused by Meloidogyne incognita",
pages = "1021-1021",
number = "5",
volume = "100",
doi = "10.1094/PDIS-09-15-1072-PDN"
}

Bačić, J., Geric-Stare, B., Strajnar, P., Sirca, S.,& Urek, G.. (2016). First Report of a Highly Damaged Potato Crop From Serbia Caused by Meloidogyne incognita. in Plant Disease
American Phytopathological Society., 100(5), 1021-1021.
https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-15-1072-PDN

Bačić J, Geric-Stare B, Strajnar P, Sirca S, Urek G. First Report of a Highly Damaged Potato Crop From Serbia Caused by Meloidogyne incognita. in Plant Disease. 2016;100(5):1021-1021.
doi:10.1094/PDIS-09-15-1072-PDN .

Bačić, Jasmina, Geric-Stare, Barbara, Strajnar, P., Sirca, Saša, Urek, Gregor, "First Report of a Highly Damaged Potato Crop From Serbia Caused by Meloidogyne incognita" in Plant Disease, 100, no. 5 (2016):1021-1021,
https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-15-1072-PDN . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bačić, Jasmina
AU  - Geric-Stare, Barbara
AU  - Urek, Gregor
AU  - Sirca, Saša
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://enauka.gov.rs/handle/123456789/778707
UR  - https://intam.institut-tamis.rs/handle/123456789/157
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1184
AB  - Bursaphelenchus mucronatus kolymensis (Korentchenko) Braasch et al. (1), also referred to as the European type of B. mucronatus, is morphologically very similar to the pine wood nematode (PWN) B. xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle, the causal agent of pine wilt disease. The main morphological difference between the two species is the shape of the female tail mucro (3); however, some populations of PWN vary in mucro shape, which can lead to misidentification. Since PWN was found and identified for the first time in Portugal in 1999 (4), concern about the spread of PWN to pines and other conifers all over Europe has increased. Therefore, the PWN survey in every European country is essential. In 2011, the Serbian Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management implemented phytosanitary measures for detection of PWN in the territory of the Republic of Serbia. In September 2013, wood samples were collected from a 40-year-old wilted Pinus sylvestris located on Divcibare Mountain, western Serbia. Nematodes were extracted by a modified Baermann funnel method. Nematode specimens (10 females and 10 males) were characterized by an Aphelenchoid-type esophagus, female vulva flap, mucro on the end of female tail, and males with paired arcuate spicules. Morphological identification matched that of B. mucronatus kolymensis (1). The specific morphometric evidence for this European type subspecies of B. mucronatus was sub-cylindrical female tail with mucro 3 to 4 μm long, digitate, well offset from tail (5). Species identification was confirmed by PCR-RFLP of the rDNA ITS region using one female and one male nematode separately (2). The sizes of restricted DNA fragments as determined with agarose gel and capillary electrophoresis were in compliance with reported data in the literature (2,4) and support the identification of the nematode as B. mucronatus kolymensis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of any species belonging to Bursaphelenchus genus in Serbia. The presence of B. mucronatus kolymensis in Serbia indicates the possibility of establishment and spread of PWN. Therefore, the measures taken in case of PWN occurrence should be prepared and training foresters to identify pine wilt disease symptoms should be encouraged in Serbia.
PB  - American Phytopathological Society
T2  - Plant Disease
T1  - First Report of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus kolymensis Associated with Pinus sylvestris in Serbia
EP  - 1745
IS  - 12
SP  - 1745
VL  - 98
DO  - 10.1094/PDIS-06-14-0594-PDN
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Bačić, Jasmina and Geric-Stare, Barbara and Urek, Gregor and Sirca, Saša",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Bursaphelenchus mucronatus kolymensis (Korentchenko) Braasch et al. (1), also referred to as the European type of B. mucronatus, is morphologically very similar to the pine wood nematode (PWN) B. xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle, the causal agent of pine wilt disease. The main morphological difference between the two species is the shape of the female tail mucro (3); however, some populations of PWN vary in mucro shape, which can lead to misidentification. Since PWN was found and identified for the first time in Portugal in 1999 (4), concern about the spread of PWN to pines and other conifers all over Europe has increased. Therefore, the PWN survey in every European country is essential. In 2011, the Serbian Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management implemented phytosanitary measures for detection of PWN in the territory of the Republic of Serbia. In September 2013, wood samples were collected from a 40-year-old wilted Pinus sylvestris located on Divcibare Mountain, western Serbia. Nematodes were extracted by a modified Baermann funnel method. Nematode specimens (10 females and 10 males) were characterized by an Aphelenchoid-type esophagus, female vulva flap, mucro on the end of female tail, and males with paired arcuate spicules. Morphological identification matched that of B. mucronatus kolymensis (1). The specific morphometric evidence for this European type subspecies of B. mucronatus was sub-cylindrical female tail with mucro 3 to 4 μm long, digitate, well offset from tail (5). Species identification was confirmed by PCR-RFLP of the rDNA ITS region using one female and one male nematode separately (2). The sizes of restricted DNA fragments as determined with agarose gel and capillary electrophoresis were in compliance with reported data in the literature (2,4) and support the identification of the nematode as B. mucronatus kolymensis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of any species belonging to Bursaphelenchus genus in Serbia. The presence of B. mucronatus kolymensis in Serbia indicates the possibility of establishment and spread of PWN. Therefore, the measures taken in case of PWN occurrence should be prepared and training foresters to identify pine wilt disease symptoms should be encouraged in Serbia.",
publisher = "American Phytopathological Society",
journal = "Plant Disease",
title = "First Report of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus kolymensis Associated with Pinus sylvestris in Serbia",
pages = "1745-1745",
number = "12",
volume = "98",
doi = "10.1094/PDIS-06-14-0594-PDN"
}

Bačić, J., Geric-Stare, B., Urek, G.,& Sirca, S.. (2014). First Report of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus kolymensis Associated with Pinus sylvestris in Serbia. in Plant Disease
American Phytopathological Society., 98(12), 1745-1745.
https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-14-0594-PDN

Bačić J, Geric-Stare B, Urek G, Sirca S. First Report of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus kolymensis Associated with Pinus sylvestris in Serbia. in Plant Disease. 2014;98(12):1745-1745.
doi:10.1094/PDIS-06-14-0594-PDN .

Bačić, Jasmina, Geric-Stare, Barbara, Urek, Gregor, Sirca, Saša, "First Report of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus kolymensis Associated with Pinus sylvestris in Serbia" in Plant Disease, 98, no. 12 (2014):1745-1745,
https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-14-0594-PDN . .