TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hernandez-Vera, Gerardo
AU  - Toševski, Ivo
AU  - Caldara, Roberto
AU  - Emerson, Brent C.
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/564
AB  - Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) represent one of the most diverse groups of organisms on Earth; interactions with their host plants have been recognized to play a central role in their remarkable diversity, yet the exact mechanisms and factors still remain poorly understood. Using phylogenetic comparative analyses, here we investigate the evolution of host use and its possible role in diversification processes of Rhinusa and Gymnetron, two closely related groups of weevils that feed and develop inside plant tissues of hosts within the families Scrophulariaceae and Plantaginaceae. We found strong evidence for phylogenetic conservatism of host use at the plant family level, most likely due to substantial differences in the chemical composition of hosts, reducing the probability of shifts between host families. In contrast, the use of different plant organs represents a more labile ecological trait and ecological niche expansion that allows a finer partitioning of resources. Rhinusa and Gymnetron weevils initially specialized on plants within Scrophulariaceae and then shifted to the closely related Plantaginaceae; likewise, a gall inducing behavior evolved from non-galler weevils, possibly in response to resource competition, as galls facilitate larval development by providing enhanced nutrition and a favorable microhabitat. Results from trait-dependent diversification analyses suggest that both use of hosts within Plantaginaceae and parasitism on fruits and seed capsules are associated with enhanced diversification of Rhinusa and Gymnetron via low extinction rates. Our study provides quantitative evidence and insights on the ecological factors that can promote diversification in phytophagous insects that feed and develop inside plant tissues.
PB  - PeerJ Inc.
T2  - PEERJ
T1  - Evolution of host plant use and diversification in a species complex of parasitic weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
VL  - 7
DO  - 10.7717/peerj.6625
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Hernandez-Vera, Gerardo and Toševski, Ivo and Caldara, Roberto and Emerson, Brent C.",
year = "2019",
abstract = "Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) represent one of the most diverse groups of organisms on Earth; interactions with their host plants have been recognized to play a central role in their remarkable diversity, yet the exact mechanisms and factors still remain poorly understood. Using phylogenetic comparative analyses, here we investigate the evolution of host use and its possible role in diversification processes of Rhinusa and Gymnetron, two closely related groups of weevils that feed and develop inside plant tissues of hosts within the families Scrophulariaceae and Plantaginaceae. We found strong evidence for phylogenetic conservatism of host use at the plant family level, most likely due to substantial differences in the chemical composition of hosts, reducing the probability of shifts between host families. In contrast, the use of different plant organs represents a more labile ecological trait and ecological niche expansion that allows a finer partitioning of resources. Rhinusa and Gymnetron weevils initially specialized on plants within Scrophulariaceae and then shifted to the closely related Plantaginaceae; likewise, a gall inducing behavior evolved from non-galler weevils, possibly in response to resource competition, as galls facilitate larval development by providing enhanced nutrition and a favorable microhabitat. Results from trait-dependent diversification analyses suggest that both use of hosts within Plantaginaceae and parasitism on fruits and seed capsules are associated with enhanced diversification of Rhinusa and Gymnetron via low extinction rates. Our study provides quantitative evidence and insights on the ecological factors that can promote diversification in phytophagous insects that feed and develop inside plant tissues.",
publisher = "PeerJ Inc.",
journal = "PEERJ",
title = "Evolution of host plant use and diversification in a species complex of parasitic weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)",
volume = "7",
doi = "10.7717/peerj.6625"
}

Hernandez-Vera, G., Toševski, I., Caldara, R.,& Emerson, B. C.. (2019). Evolution of host plant use and diversification in a species complex of parasitic weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). in PEERJ
PeerJ Inc.., 7.
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6625

Hernandez-Vera G, Toševski I, Caldara R, Emerson BC. Evolution of host plant use and diversification in a species complex of parasitic weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). in PEERJ. 2019;7.
doi:10.7717/peerj.6625 .

Hernandez-Vera, Gerardo, Toševski, Ivo, Caldara, Roberto, Emerson, Brent C., "Evolution of host plant use and diversification in a species complex of parasitic weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)" in PEERJ, 7 (2019),
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6625 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Skuhrovec, Jiri
AU  - Gosik, Rafal
AU  - Caldara, Roberto
AU  - Toševski, Ivo
AU  - Letowski, Jacek
AU  - Szwaj, Ewelina
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/525
AB  - The relationship between the genera Cleopomiarus and Miarus of Mecinini (Curculionidae, Curculioninac) was tested on the basis of morphological characters from the immature stages. The mature larvae of five Cleopomiarus species (C. distinctus (Boheman, 1845), C. graminis (Gyllenhal, 1813), C. longirostris (Gyllenhal, 1838), C. medius (Desbrochers des Loges, 1893), and C. meridionalis (H. Brisout de Barneville, 1863)), three Miarus species (M. abnormis Solari, 1947, M. ajugae (Herbst, 1795), and M. campanulae (Linnaeus, 1767)), and the pupae of four Cleopomiarus species (C. distinct us, C. graminis, C. longirostris, and C. medius) and two Miarus species (M. abnormis and M. ajugae) are described in detail for the first time. To confirm the taxonomic identification of some larvae, DNA COI barcode was obtained and compared with those of adults. The immature stages of the species herein studied were compared with those known from other genera in tribe Mecinini. It is suggested that Miarus and Cleopomiarus may be monophyletic based on several shared distinctive characters. Larvae of Miarus have a characteristic maxil-lary mala with six finger-like dms of two sizes (one or two elms very long and the rest of medium length), this feature being apparently unique among weevils. Other genus-specific character states are observed in the pupae, such as the length of setae on the head, rostrum and pronotum, including the number of rs on the rostrum, ds on pronotum, and finally the shape of the urogomphi. A key to the described larvae and pupae were respectively presented. New biological and distributional data on some species are reported.
PB  - Pensoft Publishers
T2  - Zookeys
T1  - Morphological characters of immature stages of Palaearctic species of Cleopomiarus and Miarus and their systematic value in Mecinini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae)
EP  - 92
IS  - 808
SP  - 23
DO  - 10.3897/zookeys.808.28172
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Skuhrovec, Jiri and Gosik, Rafal and Caldara, Roberto and Toševski, Ivo and Letowski, Jacek and Szwaj, Ewelina",
year = "2018",
abstract = "The relationship between the genera Cleopomiarus and Miarus of Mecinini (Curculionidae, Curculioninac) was tested on the basis of morphological characters from the immature stages. The mature larvae of five Cleopomiarus species (C. distinctus (Boheman, 1845), C. graminis (Gyllenhal, 1813), C. longirostris (Gyllenhal, 1838), C. medius (Desbrochers des Loges, 1893), and C. meridionalis (H. Brisout de Barneville, 1863)), three Miarus species (M. abnormis Solari, 1947, M. ajugae (Herbst, 1795), and M. campanulae (Linnaeus, 1767)), and the pupae of four Cleopomiarus species (C. distinct us, C. graminis, C. longirostris, and C. medius) and two Miarus species (M. abnormis and M. ajugae) are described in detail for the first time. To confirm the taxonomic identification of some larvae, DNA COI barcode was obtained and compared with those of adults. The immature stages of the species herein studied were compared with those known from other genera in tribe Mecinini. It is suggested that Miarus and Cleopomiarus may be monophyletic based on several shared distinctive characters. Larvae of Miarus have a characteristic maxil-lary mala with six finger-like dms of two sizes (one or two elms very long and the rest of medium length), this feature being apparently unique among weevils. Other genus-specific character states are observed in the pupae, such as the length of setae on the head, rostrum and pronotum, including the number of rs on the rostrum, ds on pronotum, and finally the shape of the urogomphi. A key to the described larvae and pupae were respectively presented. New biological and distributional data on some species are reported.",
publisher = "Pensoft Publishers",
journal = "Zookeys",
title = "Morphological characters of immature stages of Palaearctic species of Cleopomiarus and Miarus and their systematic value in Mecinini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae)",
pages = "92-23",
number = "808",
doi = "10.3897/zookeys.808.28172"
}

Skuhrovec, J., Gosik, R., Caldara, R., Toševski, I., Letowski, J.,& Szwaj, E.. (2018). Morphological characters of immature stages of Palaearctic species of Cleopomiarus and Miarus and their systematic value in Mecinini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae). in Zookeys
Pensoft Publishers.(808), 23-92.
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.808.28172

Skuhrovec J, Gosik R, Caldara R, Toševski I, Letowski J, Szwaj E. Morphological characters of immature stages of Palaearctic species of Cleopomiarus and Miarus and their systematic value in Mecinini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae). in Zookeys. 2018;(808):23-92.
doi:10.3897/zookeys.808.28172 .

Skuhrovec, Jiri, Gosik, Rafal, Caldara, Roberto, Toševski, Ivo, Letowski, Jacek, Szwaj, Ewelina, "Morphological characters of immature stages of Palaearctic species of Cleopomiarus and Miarus and their systematic value in Mecinini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae)" in Zookeys, no. 808 (2018):23-92,
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.808.28172 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gosik, Rafal
AU  - Skuhrovec, Jiri
AU  - Toševski, Ivo
AU  - Caldara, Roberto
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/489
AB  - The relationship between the subtribes Lignyodina and Tychiina of the Tychiini were tested on the basis of morphological characters from the immature stages. The mature larvae of Lignyodes bischoffi (Blatchley, 1916) and L. enucleator (Panzer, 1798) (Curculionidae, Curculioninae, Tychiini, Lignyodina) and the pupae of L. bischoffi are described in detail for the first time. To be sure about the correct taxonomic identification of the larvae, DNA sequences were obtained and compared for both the larvae and adults of these two species. Molecular data show that the two studied species of Lignyodes Dejean, 1835 strongly differ in mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA. The immature stages (larva and pupa) of Lignyodes bischoffi and L. enucleator were compared with each other and with those known for other taxa representative of the tribe Tychiini and other tribes of Curculioninae. The larvae of Lignyodes bischoffi and L. enucleator differ in a few but important characters. The larvae and pupae of these two species belonging to Lignyodes s. str. are morphologically very similar to those of species in the other two subgenera of Lignyodes, Neotylopterus Clark, Whitehead & Warner, 1977 and Chionanthobius Pierce, 1912. On the basis of the detailed morphology of larvae and pupae, we agree that Lignyodes belong to Tychiini, sharing more features with species of this tribe than with those of other tribes of Curculioninae. New bionomic data concerning larval and pupal development and adult emergence are reported for both described species and confirm close relationships between the subtribes Lignyodina and Tychiina. On the other hand, strong molecular differences, corroborated by some relevant larval differences, between L. enucleator and L. bischoffi open up the issue whether Palaearctic and Nearctic species presently included in Lignyodes s. str. actually belong to the same subgenus.
PB  - Magnolia Press, Auckland
T2  - Zootaxa
T1  - Morphological evidence from immature stages further suggests Lignyodina being close to Tychiina (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae, Tychiini)
EP  - 446
IS  - 3
SP  - 426
VL  - 4320
DO  - 10.11646/zootaxa.4320.3.2
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Gosik, Rafal and Skuhrovec, Jiri and Toševski, Ivo and Caldara, Roberto",
year = "2017",
abstract = "The relationship between the subtribes Lignyodina and Tychiina of the Tychiini were tested on the basis of morphological characters from the immature stages. The mature larvae of Lignyodes bischoffi (Blatchley, 1916) and L. enucleator (Panzer, 1798) (Curculionidae, Curculioninae, Tychiini, Lignyodina) and the pupae of L. bischoffi are described in detail for the first time. To be sure about the correct taxonomic identification of the larvae, DNA sequences were obtained and compared for both the larvae and adults of these two species. Molecular data show that the two studied species of Lignyodes Dejean, 1835 strongly differ in mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA. The immature stages (larva and pupa) of Lignyodes bischoffi and L. enucleator were compared with each other and with those known for other taxa representative of the tribe Tychiini and other tribes of Curculioninae. The larvae of Lignyodes bischoffi and L. enucleator differ in a few but important characters. The larvae and pupae of these two species belonging to Lignyodes s. str. are morphologically very similar to those of species in the other two subgenera of Lignyodes, Neotylopterus Clark, Whitehead & Warner, 1977 and Chionanthobius Pierce, 1912. On the basis of the detailed morphology of larvae and pupae, we agree that Lignyodes belong to Tychiini, sharing more features with species of this tribe than with those of other tribes of Curculioninae. New bionomic data concerning larval and pupal development and adult emergence are reported for both described species and confirm close relationships between the subtribes Lignyodina and Tychiina. On the other hand, strong molecular differences, corroborated by some relevant larval differences, between L. enucleator and L. bischoffi open up the issue whether Palaearctic and Nearctic species presently included in Lignyodes s. str. actually belong to the same subgenus.",
publisher = "Magnolia Press, Auckland",
journal = "Zootaxa",
title = "Morphological evidence from immature stages further suggests Lignyodina being close to Tychiina (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae, Tychiini)",
pages = "446-426",
number = "3",
volume = "4320",
doi = "10.11646/zootaxa.4320.3.2"
}

Gosik, R., Skuhrovec, J., Toševski, I.,& Caldara, R.. (2017). Morphological evidence from immature stages further suggests Lignyodina being close to Tychiina (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae, Tychiini). in Zootaxa
Magnolia Press, Auckland., 4320(3), 426-446.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4320.3.2

Gosik R, Skuhrovec J, Toševski I, Caldara R. Morphological evidence from immature stages further suggests Lignyodina being close to Tychiina (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae, Tychiini). in Zootaxa. 2017;4320(3):426-446.
doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4320.3.2 .

Gosik, Rafal, Skuhrovec, Jiri, Toševski, Ivo, Caldara, Roberto, "Morphological evidence from immature stages further suggests Lignyodina being close to Tychiina (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae, Tychiini)" in Zootaxa, 4320, no. 3 (2017):426-446,
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4320.3.2 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Toševski, Ivo
AU  - Caldara, Roberto
AU  - Jović, Jelena
AU  - Hernandez-Vera, Gerardo
AU  - Baviera, Cosimo
AU  - Gassmann, Andre
AU  - Emerson, Brent C.
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/395
AB  - A combined taxonomic, morphological, molecular and biological study revealed that stem-galling weevils from the genus Rhinusa associated with toadflaxes from the genus Linaria (Plantaginaceae) are composed of three different species: Rhinusa pilosa, Rhinusa brondelii and Rhinusa rarasp.n. The authentic field host plants are respectively, Linaria vulgaris, Linaria purpurea and Linaria genistifolia/ Linaria dalmatica. These weevil species can be distinguished from each other by a few subtle morphological characteristics, mainly in the shape of the rostrum and of the integument. An analysis of the mitochondrial [cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene (COII) and 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S)] and nuclear (elongation factor-1, EF-1) sequence data revealed high genetic divergence among these species. Uncorrected pairwise distances on mtCOII gene were 14.3% between R. pilosa and R. brondelii, 15.7% between R. pilosa and R. rara, while R. brondelii and R. rara were approximately 11% divergent from each other. Divergences obtained on 16S and nuclear EF-1 genes were congruent. However, substantial intraspecific mitochondrial divergence was recorded for all studied populations of R. pilosa s.s. showing two mtDNA lineages, with estimated COII and 16S divergences of 4% and 1.6%, respectively. Nuclear pseudogenes (Numts) and Wolbachia influence, although recorded within both lineages, were excluded as possible causatives of the mtDNA divergence, while EF-1 indicated absence of lineage sorting. Species from the R. pilosa complex are estimated to have diverged from each other approximately 7.2 million years ago (mya; late Miocene), while R. brondelii and R. rara diverged from each other about 4.7 mya (early Pliocene). This published work has been registered in ZooBank, .
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken
T2  - Systematic Entomology
T1  - Host-associated genetic divergence and taxonomy in the Rhinusa pilosa Gyllenhal species complex: an integrative approach
EP  - 287
IS  - 1
SP  - 268
VL  - 40
DO  - 10.1111/syen.12109
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Toševski, Ivo and Caldara, Roberto and Jović, Jelena and Hernandez-Vera, Gerardo and Baviera, Cosimo and Gassmann, Andre and Emerson, Brent C.",
year = "2015",
abstract = "A combined taxonomic, morphological, molecular and biological study revealed that stem-galling weevils from the genus Rhinusa associated with toadflaxes from the genus Linaria (Plantaginaceae) are composed of three different species: Rhinusa pilosa, Rhinusa brondelii and Rhinusa rarasp.n. The authentic field host plants are respectively, Linaria vulgaris, Linaria purpurea and Linaria genistifolia/ Linaria dalmatica. These weevil species can be distinguished from each other by a few subtle morphological characteristics, mainly in the shape of the rostrum and of the integument. An analysis of the mitochondrial [cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene (COII) and 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S)] and nuclear (elongation factor-1, EF-1) sequence data revealed high genetic divergence among these species. Uncorrected pairwise distances on mtCOII gene were 14.3% between R. pilosa and R. brondelii, 15.7% between R. pilosa and R. rara, while R. brondelii and R. rara were approximately 11% divergent from each other. Divergences obtained on 16S and nuclear EF-1 genes were congruent. However, substantial intraspecific mitochondrial divergence was recorded for all studied populations of R. pilosa s.s. showing two mtDNA lineages, with estimated COII and 16S divergences of 4% and 1.6%, respectively. Nuclear pseudogenes (Numts) and Wolbachia influence, although recorded within both lineages, were excluded as possible causatives of the mtDNA divergence, while EF-1 indicated absence of lineage sorting. Species from the R. pilosa complex are estimated to have diverged from each other approximately 7.2 million years ago (mya; late Miocene), while R. brondelii and R. rara diverged from each other about 4.7 mya (early Pliocene). This published work has been registered in ZooBank, .",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken",
journal = "Systematic Entomology",
title = "Host-associated genetic divergence and taxonomy in the Rhinusa pilosa Gyllenhal species complex: an integrative approach",
pages = "287-268",
number = "1",
volume = "40",
doi = "10.1111/syen.12109"
}

Toševski, I., Caldara, R., Jović, J., Hernandez-Vera, G., Baviera, C., Gassmann, A.,& Emerson, B. C.. (2015). Host-associated genetic divergence and taxonomy in the Rhinusa pilosa Gyllenhal species complex: an integrative approach. in Systematic Entomology
Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken., 40(1), 268-287.
https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12109

Toševski I, Caldara R, Jović J, Hernandez-Vera G, Baviera C, Gassmann A, Emerson BC. Host-associated genetic divergence and taxonomy in the Rhinusa pilosa Gyllenhal species complex: an integrative approach. in Systematic Entomology. 2015;40(1):268-287.
doi:10.1111/syen.12109 .

Toševski, Ivo, Caldara, Roberto, Jović, Jelena, Hernandez-Vera, Gerardo, Baviera, Cosimo, Gassmann, Andre, Emerson, Brent C., "Host-associated genetic divergence and taxonomy in the Rhinusa pilosa Gyllenhal species complex: an integrative approach" in Systematic Entomology, 40, no. 1 (2015):268-287,
https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12109 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Toševski, Ivo
AU  - Caldara, Roberto
AU  - Jović, Jelena
AU  - Baviera, Cosimo
AU  - Hernandez-Vera, Gerardo
AU  - Gassmann, Andre
AU  - Emerson, Brent C.
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/358
AB  - A combined taxonomic, morphological, molecular and biological study revealed that the species presently named Mecinus heydenii is actually composed of five different species: M.heydenii Wencker, 1866; M.raphaelis Baviera & Caldara sp. n., M.laeviceps Tournier, 1873; M.peterharrisi Toevski & Caldara sp. n. and M.bulgaricus Angelov, 1971. These species can be distinguished from each other by a few subtle characteristics, mainly in the shape of the rostrum and body of the penis, and the colour of the integument. The first four species live on different species of Linaria plants, respectively, L.vulgaris (L.) P.Mill., L.purpurea (L.) P.Mill. L.genistifolia (L.) P.Mill. and L.dalmatica (L.) P.Mill., whereas the host plant of M.bulgaricus is still unknown. An analysis of mtCOII gene sequence data revealed high genetic divergence among these species, with uncorrected pairwise distances of 9% between M.heydenii and M.raphaelis, 11.5% between M.laeviceps, M.heydenii and M.raphaelis, while M.laeviceps and M.peterharrisi are approximately 6.3% divergent from each other. Mecinus bulgaricus exhibits even greater divergence from all these species and is more closely related to M.dorsalis Aube, 1850. Sampled populations of M.laeviceps form three geographical subspecies: M.laeviceps laeviceps, M.laeviceps meridionalis Toevski & Jovi and M.laeviceps corifoliae Toevski & Jovi. These subspecies show clear genetic clustering with uncorrected mtDNA COII divergences of approximately 1.4% from each other.
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken
T2  - Zoologica Scripta
T1  - Revision of Mecinus heydenii species complex (Curculionidae): integrative taxonomy reveals multiple species exhibiting host specialization
EP  - 51
IS  - 1
SP  - 34
VL  - 43
DO  - 10.1111/zsc.12037
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Toševski, Ivo and Caldara, Roberto and Jović, Jelena and Baviera, Cosimo and Hernandez-Vera, Gerardo and Gassmann, Andre and Emerson, Brent C.",
year = "2014",
abstract = "A combined taxonomic, morphological, molecular and biological study revealed that the species presently named Mecinus heydenii is actually composed of five different species: M.heydenii Wencker, 1866; M.raphaelis Baviera & Caldara sp. n., M.laeviceps Tournier, 1873; M.peterharrisi Toevski & Caldara sp. n. and M.bulgaricus Angelov, 1971. These species can be distinguished from each other by a few subtle characteristics, mainly in the shape of the rostrum and body of the penis, and the colour of the integument. The first four species live on different species of Linaria plants, respectively, L.vulgaris (L.) P.Mill., L.purpurea (L.) P.Mill. L.genistifolia (L.) P.Mill. and L.dalmatica (L.) P.Mill., whereas the host plant of M.bulgaricus is still unknown. An analysis of mtCOII gene sequence data revealed high genetic divergence among these species, with uncorrected pairwise distances of 9% between M.heydenii and M.raphaelis, 11.5% between M.laeviceps, M.heydenii and M.raphaelis, while M.laeviceps and M.peterharrisi are approximately 6.3% divergent from each other. Mecinus bulgaricus exhibits even greater divergence from all these species and is more closely related to M.dorsalis Aube, 1850. Sampled populations of M.laeviceps form three geographical subspecies: M.laeviceps laeviceps, M.laeviceps meridionalis Toevski & Jovi and M.laeviceps corifoliae Toevski & Jovi. These subspecies show clear genetic clustering with uncorrected mtDNA COII divergences of approximately 1.4% from each other.",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken",
journal = "Zoologica Scripta",
title = "Revision of Mecinus heydenii species complex (Curculionidae): integrative taxonomy reveals multiple species exhibiting host specialization",
pages = "51-34",
number = "1",
volume = "43",
doi = "10.1111/zsc.12037"
}

Toševski, I., Caldara, R., Jović, J., Baviera, C., Hernandez-Vera, G., Gassmann, A.,& Emerson, B. C.. (2014). Revision of Mecinus heydenii species complex (Curculionidae): integrative taxonomy reveals multiple species exhibiting host specialization. in Zoologica Scripta
Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken., 43(1), 34-51.
https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12037

Toševski I, Caldara R, Jović J, Baviera C, Hernandez-Vera G, Gassmann A, Emerson BC. Revision of Mecinus heydenii species complex (Curculionidae): integrative taxonomy reveals multiple species exhibiting host specialization. in Zoologica Scripta. 2014;43(1):34-51.
doi:10.1111/zsc.12037 .

Toševski, Ivo, Caldara, Roberto, Jović, Jelena, Baviera, Cosimo, Hernandez-Vera, Gerardo, Gassmann, Andre, Emerson, Brent C., "Revision of Mecinus heydenii species complex (Curculionidae): integrative taxonomy reveals multiple species exhibiting host specialization" in Zoologica Scripta, 43, no. 1 (2014):34-51,
https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12037 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hernandez-Vera, Gerardo
AU  - Caldara, Roberto
AU  - Toševski, Ivo
AU  - Emerson, Brent C.
PY  - 2013
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/294
AB  - Aim We test three alternative hypotheses for the disjunct Mediterranean-southern African distribution of endophagous weevils within the genera Rhinusa and Gymnetron (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): (1) a Palaearctic origin with dispersal to southern Africa; (2) a southern African origin with dispersal to the Palaearctic; and (3) a widespread ancestral distribution fragmented by vicariance. Divergence times are estimated to provide an approximate temporal framework for the evolution of the group and to evaluate potential palaeogeographical scenarios. Location Southern Africa, the Mediterranean region, the Palaearctic and eastern Africa. Methods Freshly collected and dry, pinned samples of weevils were used as a source of DNA. Prior genetic information was used to identify short phylogenetically informative amplicons within the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S). Phylogenetic reconstructions using Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data and molecular dating techniques were used to infer the biogeographical history of Rhinusa and Gymnetron species. A statistical approach to dispersal-vicariance analysis (s-diva) was used to further assess biogeographical hypotheses. Results Successful polymerase chain reaction amplification of targeted short 16S DNA sequences (150bp) from dry, pinned specimens provided for increased species sampling of Rhinusa and Gymnetron by 230%, greatly expanding species representation from southern Africa. Phylogenetic reconstructions and s-diva analyses support a southern African origin for Rhinusa and Gymnetron species. Divergence time estimates suggest southern African and Palaearctic lineages diverged c.11.6-7.4Ma. Main conclusions Rhinusa and Gymnetron represent a complex of lineages with a shared evolutionary history of range expansions from southern Africa into the Palaearctic. Our results support a late Miocene vicariance scenario, most likely as a result of repeated desertification. The use of prior genetic information to identify short phylogenetically informative amplicons offers a useful approach for molecular phylogenetic analyses incorporating archival material.
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken
T2  - Journal of Biogeography
T1  - Molecular phylogenetic analysis of archival tissue reveals the origin of a disjunct southern African-Palaearctic weevil radiation
EP  - 1359
IS  - 7
SP  - 1348
VL  - 40
DO  - 10.1111/jbi.12081
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Hernandez-Vera, Gerardo and Caldara, Roberto and Toševski, Ivo and Emerson, Brent C.",
year = "2013",
abstract = "Aim We test three alternative hypotheses for the disjunct Mediterranean-southern African distribution of endophagous weevils within the genera Rhinusa and Gymnetron (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): (1) a Palaearctic origin with dispersal to southern Africa; (2) a southern African origin with dispersal to the Palaearctic; and (3) a widespread ancestral distribution fragmented by vicariance. Divergence times are estimated to provide an approximate temporal framework for the evolution of the group and to evaluate potential palaeogeographical scenarios. Location Southern Africa, the Mediterranean region, the Palaearctic and eastern Africa. Methods Freshly collected and dry, pinned samples of weevils were used as a source of DNA. Prior genetic information was used to identify short phylogenetically informative amplicons within the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S). Phylogenetic reconstructions using Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data and molecular dating techniques were used to infer the biogeographical history of Rhinusa and Gymnetron species. A statistical approach to dispersal-vicariance analysis (s-diva) was used to further assess biogeographical hypotheses. Results Successful polymerase chain reaction amplification of targeted short 16S DNA sequences (150bp) from dry, pinned specimens provided for increased species sampling of Rhinusa and Gymnetron by 230%, greatly expanding species representation from southern Africa. Phylogenetic reconstructions and s-diva analyses support a southern African origin for Rhinusa and Gymnetron species. Divergence time estimates suggest southern African and Palaearctic lineages diverged c.11.6-7.4Ma. Main conclusions Rhinusa and Gymnetron represent a complex of lineages with a shared evolutionary history of range expansions from southern Africa into the Palaearctic. Our results support a late Miocene vicariance scenario, most likely as a result of repeated desertification. The use of prior genetic information to identify short phylogenetically informative amplicons offers a useful approach for molecular phylogenetic analyses incorporating archival material.",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken",
journal = "Journal of Biogeography",
title = "Molecular phylogenetic analysis of archival tissue reveals the origin of a disjunct southern African-Palaearctic weevil radiation",
pages = "1359-1348",
number = "7",
volume = "40",
doi = "10.1111/jbi.12081"
}

Hernandez-Vera, G., Caldara, R., Toševski, I.,& Emerson, B. C.. (2013). Molecular phylogenetic analysis of archival tissue reveals the origin of a disjunct southern African-Palaearctic weevil radiation. in Journal of Biogeography
Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken., 40(7), 1348-1359.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12081

Hernandez-Vera G, Caldara R, Toševski I, Emerson BC. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of archival tissue reveals the origin of a disjunct southern African-Palaearctic weevil radiation. in Journal of Biogeography. 2013;40(7):1348-1359.
doi:10.1111/jbi.12081 .

Hernandez-Vera, Gerardo, Caldara, Roberto, Toševski, Ivo, Emerson, Brent C., "Molecular phylogenetic analysis of archival tissue reveals the origin of a disjunct southern African-Palaearctic weevil radiation" in Journal of Biogeography, 40, no. 7 (2013):1348-1359,
https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12081 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Toševski, Ivo
AU  - Caldara, Roberto
AU  - Jović, Jelena
AU  - Hernandez-Vera, Gerardo
AU  - Baviera, Cosimo
AU  - Gassmann, Andre
AU  - Emerson, Brent C.
PY  - 2011
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/152
AB  - A combined morphological, molecular and biological study shows that the weevil species presently named Mecinus janthinus is actually composed of two different cryptic species: M. janthinus Germar, 1821 and M. janthiniformis Tosevski & Caldara sp.n. These species are morphologically distinguishable from each other by a few very subtle morphological characters. On the contrary, they are more readily distinguishable by both molecular and biological characters. A molecular assessment based on the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene revealed fixed differences between the two species with p-distances between samples of both species ranging from 1.3 to 2.4%. In addition to this, the larvae of the two species are found to develop on different species within the genus Linaria (Plantaginaceae): M. janthinus is associated with yellow toadflax (L. vulgaris) and M. janthiniformis with broomleaf toadflax (L. genistifolia) and Dalmatian toadflax (L. dalmatica). Molecular and host use records further suggest the occurrence of a third species associated with L. vulgaris within M. janthinus, sampled from north Switzerland, central Hungary and east Serbia. The significance of these new findings is of particular importance because species of the M. janthinus group are used, or are potential candidates, for the biological control of invasive toadflaxes in North America.
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken
T2  - Systematic Entomology
T1  - Morphological, molecular and biological evidence reveal two cryptic species in Mecinus janthinus Germar (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), a successful biological control agent of Dalmatian toadflax, Linaria dalmatica (Lamiales, Plantaginaceae)
EP  - 753
IS  - 4
SP  - 741
VL  - 36
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00593.x
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Toševski, Ivo and Caldara, Roberto and Jović, Jelena and Hernandez-Vera, Gerardo and Baviera, Cosimo and Gassmann, Andre and Emerson, Brent C.",
year = "2011",
abstract = "A combined morphological, molecular and biological study shows that the weevil species presently named Mecinus janthinus is actually composed of two different cryptic species: M. janthinus Germar, 1821 and M. janthiniformis Tosevski & Caldara sp.n. These species are morphologically distinguishable from each other by a few very subtle morphological characters. On the contrary, they are more readily distinguishable by both molecular and biological characters. A molecular assessment based on the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene revealed fixed differences between the two species with p-distances between samples of both species ranging from 1.3 to 2.4%. In addition to this, the larvae of the two species are found to develop on different species within the genus Linaria (Plantaginaceae): M. janthinus is associated with yellow toadflax (L. vulgaris) and M. janthiniformis with broomleaf toadflax (L. genistifolia) and Dalmatian toadflax (L. dalmatica). Molecular and host use records further suggest the occurrence of a third species associated with L. vulgaris within M. janthinus, sampled from north Switzerland, central Hungary and east Serbia. The significance of these new findings is of particular importance because species of the M. janthinus group are used, or are potential candidates, for the biological control of invasive toadflaxes in North America.",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken",
journal = "Systematic Entomology",
title = "Morphological, molecular and biological evidence reveal two cryptic species in Mecinus janthinus Germar (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), a successful biological control agent of Dalmatian toadflax, Linaria dalmatica (Lamiales, Plantaginaceae)",
pages = "753-741",
number = "4",
volume = "36",
doi = "10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00593.x"
}

Toševski, I., Caldara, R., Jović, J., Hernandez-Vera, G., Baviera, C., Gassmann, A.,& Emerson, B. C.. (2011). Morphological, molecular and biological evidence reveal two cryptic species in Mecinus janthinus Germar (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), a successful biological control agent of Dalmatian toadflax, Linaria dalmatica (Lamiales, Plantaginaceae). in Systematic Entomology
Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken., 36(4), 741-753.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00593.x

Toševski I, Caldara R, Jović J, Hernandez-Vera G, Baviera C, Gassmann A, Emerson BC. Morphological, molecular and biological evidence reveal two cryptic species in Mecinus janthinus Germar (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), a successful biological control agent of Dalmatian toadflax, Linaria dalmatica (Lamiales, Plantaginaceae). in Systematic Entomology. 2011;36(4):741-753.
doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00593.x .

Toševski, Ivo, Caldara, Roberto, Jović, Jelena, Hernandez-Vera, Gerardo, Baviera, Cosimo, Gassmann, Andre, Emerson, Brent C., "Morphological, molecular and biological evidence reveal two cryptic species in Mecinus janthinus Germar (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), a successful biological control agent of Dalmatian toadflax, Linaria dalmatica (Lamiales, Plantaginaceae)" in Systematic Entomology, 36, no. 4 (2011):741-753,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00593.x . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hernandez-Vera, Gerardo
AU  - Mitrović, Milana
AU  - Jović, Jelena
AU  - Toševski, Ivo
AU  - Caldara, Roberto
AU  - Gassmann, Andre
AU  - Emerson, Brent C.
PY  - 2010
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/136
AB  - Plant feeding insects and the plants they feed upon represent an ecological association that is thought to be a key factor for the diversification of many plant feeding insects, through differential adaptation to different plant selective pressures. While a number of studies have investigated diversification of plant feeding insects above the species level, relatively less attention has been given to patterns of diversification within species, particularly those that also require plants for oviposition and subsequent larval development. In the case of plant feeding insects that also require plant tissues for the completion of their reproductive cycle through larval development, the divergent selective pressure not only acts on adults, but on the full life history of the insect. Here we focus attention on Rhinusa antirrhini (Curculionidae), a species of weevil broadly distributed across Europe that both feeds on, and oviposits and develops within, species of the plant genus Linaria (Plantaginaceae). Using a combination of mtDNA (COII) and nuclear DNA (EF1-alpha) sequencing and copulation experiments we assess evidence for host associated genetic differentiation within R. antirrhini. We find substantial genetic variation within this species that is best explained by ecological specialisation on different host plant taxa. This genetic differentiation is most pronounced in the mtDNA marker, with patterns of genetic variation at the nuclear marker suggesting incomplete lineage sorting and/or gene flow between different host plant forms of R. antirrhini, whose origin is estimated to date to the mid-Pliocene (3.77 Mya; 2.91-4.80 Mya).
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken
T2  - Molecular Ecology
T1  - Host-associated genetic differentiation in a seed parasitic weevil Rhinusa antirrhini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data
EP  - 2300
IS  - 11
SP  - 2286
VL  - 19
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04639.x
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Hernandez-Vera, Gerardo and Mitrović, Milana and Jović, Jelena and Toševski, Ivo and Caldara, Roberto and Gassmann, Andre and Emerson, Brent C.",
year = "2010",
abstract = "Plant feeding insects and the plants they feed upon represent an ecological association that is thought to be a key factor for the diversification of many plant feeding insects, through differential adaptation to different plant selective pressures. While a number of studies have investigated diversification of plant feeding insects above the species level, relatively less attention has been given to patterns of diversification within species, particularly those that also require plants for oviposition and subsequent larval development. In the case of plant feeding insects that also require plant tissues for the completion of their reproductive cycle through larval development, the divergent selective pressure not only acts on adults, but on the full life history of the insect. Here we focus attention on Rhinusa antirrhini (Curculionidae), a species of weevil broadly distributed across Europe that both feeds on, and oviposits and develops within, species of the plant genus Linaria (Plantaginaceae). Using a combination of mtDNA (COII) and nuclear DNA (EF1-alpha) sequencing and copulation experiments we assess evidence for host associated genetic differentiation within R. antirrhini. We find substantial genetic variation within this species that is best explained by ecological specialisation on different host plant taxa. This genetic differentiation is most pronounced in the mtDNA marker, with patterns of genetic variation at the nuclear marker suggesting incomplete lineage sorting and/or gene flow between different host plant forms of R. antirrhini, whose origin is estimated to date to the mid-Pliocene (3.77 Mya; 2.91-4.80 Mya).",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken",
journal = "Molecular Ecology",
title = "Host-associated genetic differentiation in a seed parasitic weevil Rhinusa antirrhini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data",
pages = "2300-2286",
number = "11",
volume = "19",
doi = "10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04639.x"
}

Hernandez-Vera, G., Mitrović, M., Jović, J., Toševski, I., Caldara, R., Gassmann, A.,& Emerson, B. C.. (2010). Host-associated genetic differentiation in a seed parasitic weevil Rhinusa antirrhini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data. in Molecular Ecology
Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken., 19(11), 2286-2300.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04639.x

Hernandez-Vera G, Mitrović M, Jović J, Toševski I, Caldara R, Gassmann A, Emerson BC. Host-associated genetic differentiation in a seed parasitic weevil Rhinusa antirrhini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data. in Molecular Ecology. 2010;19(11):2286-2300.
doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04639.x .

Hernandez-Vera, Gerardo, Mitrović, Milana, Jović, Jelena, Toševski, Ivo, Caldara, Roberto, Gassmann, Andre, Emerson, Brent C., "Host-associated genetic differentiation in a seed parasitic weevil Rhinusa antirrhini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data" in Molecular Ecology, 19, no. 11 (2010):2286-2300,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04639.x . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Caldara, Roberto
AU  - Sassi, Davide
AU  - Toševski, Ivo
PY  - 2010
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/125
AB  - A phylogenetic analysis of the species belonging to the weevil genus Rhinusa Stephens, 1829 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae: Mecinini) was carried out. Rhinusa weevils feed on plants of the closely related families Scrophulariaceae and Plantaginaceae. Based on a cladistic analysis of six outgroup and 33 ingroup taxa, and 39 adult morphological and 8 ecological characters, eight well supported species groups and two monobasic groups belonging to three separate and more inclusive assemblages were recognized. The first assemblage (A) includes nine species belonging to two groups (R. bipustulata and R. tetra groups), whereas the second and third assemblages (B and C) include a total of 14 species belonging to two groups (R. antirrhini and R. linariae groups) and six groups (R. pilosa, R. herbarum, R. neta, R. vestita, R. mauritii and R. melas groups), respectively. Two of the three main assemblages (A and B) are well supported as monophyletic entities, whereas the third assemblage (C) has weak support contingent in part upon the exclusion of host plant associations. Assemblage A includes all species living on species of Scrophulariaceae, with two groups occurring on two closely related plant genera, Scrophularia (R. bipustulata group) and Verbascum (R. tetra group), respectively. The other two assemblages include species living exclusively on species of the family Plantaginaceae, tribe Antirrhineae. These patterns suggest a well conserved and phylogenetically congruent association among the weevils and their hosts. Optimizing host plant preferences onto the morphological phylogeny indicates that feeding on Plantaginaceae was the plesiomorphic condition for the genus Rhinusa. In general there are no strict relationships between groups of weevils and their specific feeding habits; however, species of the R. antirrhini group are all feeding on seed capsules. In contrast, in other groups the larvae of closely related species display significant variations in host plant parasitism. Some species of the R. tetra group feed on seed capsules whereas others are stem borers. In turn, certain species of the R. neta group feed on seed capsules yet others are inquilines of gall forming species of Rhinusa. The latter habit is present in multiple convergent groups such as the R. linariae and R. pilosa groups.
PB  - Magnolia Press, Auckland
T2  - Zootaxa
T1  - Phylogeny of the weevil genus Rhinusa Stephens based on adult morphological characters and host plant information (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
EP  - 56
IS  - 2627
SP  - 39
DO  - 10.11646/zootaxa.2627.1.3
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Caldara, Roberto and Sassi, Davide and Toševski, Ivo",
year = "2010",
abstract = "A phylogenetic analysis of the species belonging to the weevil genus Rhinusa Stephens, 1829 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae: Mecinini) was carried out. Rhinusa weevils feed on plants of the closely related families Scrophulariaceae and Plantaginaceae. Based on a cladistic analysis of six outgroup and 33 ingroup taxa, and 39 adult morphological and 8 ecological characters, eight well supported species groups and two monobasic groups belonging to three separate and more inclusive assemblages were recognized. The first assemblage (A) includes nine species belonging to two groups (R. bipustulata and R. tetra groups), whereas the second and third assemblages (B and C) include a total of 14 species belonging to two groups (R. antirrhini and R. linariae groups) and six groups (R. pilosa, R. herbarum, R. neta, R. vestita, R. mauritii and R. melas groups), respectively. Two of the three main assemblages (A and B) are well supported as monophyletic entities, whereas the third assemblage (C) has weak support contingent in part upon the exclusion of host plant associations. Assemblage A includes all species living on species of Scrophulariaceae, with two groups occurring on two closely related plant genera, Scrophularia (R. bipustulata group) and Verbascum (R. tetra group), respectively. The other two assemblages include species living exclusively on species of the family Plantaginaceae, tribe Antirrhineae. These patterns suggest a well conserved and phylogenetically congruent association among the weevils and their hosts. Optimizing host plant preferences onto the morphological phylogeny indicates that feeding on Plantaginaceae was the plesiomorphic condition for the genus Rhinusa. In general there are no strict relationships between groups of weevils and their specific feeding habits; however, species of the R. antirrhini group are all feeding on seed capsules. In contrast, in other groups the larvae of closely related species display significant variations in host plant parasitism. Some species of the R. tetra group feed on seed capsules whereas others are stem borers. In turn, certain species of the R. neta group feed on seed capsules yet others are inquilines of gall forming species of Rhinusa. The latter habit is present in multiple convergent groups such as the R. linariae and R. pilosa groups.",
publisher = "Magnolia Press, Auckland",
journal = "Zootaxa",
title = "Phylogeny of the weevil genus Rhinusa Stephens based on adult morphological characters and host plant information (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)",
pages = "56-39",
number = "2627",
doi = "10.11646/zootaxa.2627.1.3"
}

Caldara, R., Sassi, D.,& Toševski, I.. (2010). Phylogeny of the weevil genus Rhinusa Stephens based on adult morphological characters and host plant information (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). in Zootaxa
Magnolia Press, Auckland.(2627), 39-56.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2627.1.3

Caldara R, Sassi D, Toševski I. Phylogeny of the weevil genus Rhinusa Stephens based on adult morphological characters and host plant information (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). in Zootaxa. 2010;(2627):39-56.
doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2627.1.3 .

Caldara, Roberto, Sassi, Davide, Toševski, Ivo, "Phylogeny of the weevil genus Rhinusa Stephens based on adult morphological characters and host plant information (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)" in Zootaxa, no. 2627 (2010):39-56,
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2627.1.3 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Caldara, Roberto
AU  - Desancić, Milana
AU  - Gassmann, Andre
AU  - Legarreta, Lorenza
AU  - Emerson, Brent C.
AU  - Toševski, Ivo
PY  - 2008
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/66
AB  - From examination of type specimens the authors establish that Rhinusa hispida sensu auctorum is not the same species as R. hispida (Brulle, 1832), which is instead synonymous with R. tetra (Fabricius, 1792) (syn. n.). Moreover, under the name R. hispida sensu auctorum two distinct taxa are confused, which can be distinguished from each other by taxonomic, biological and genetic differences: R. pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) and R. brondelii (Brisout, 1862), stat. n. (= R. lanuginosa (Wollaston, 1875), syn. n.). Gymnetron vulpes Lucas, 1849 (= G. marmota Fairmaire, 1883, syn. n.), previously placed under synonymy of R. hispida (Brulle), is transferred to the genus Mecinus and considered a distinct species. A neotype of G. pilosum brondelii Brisout and lectotypes of G. hispidum Brulle, G. pilosum Gyllenhal, G. vulpes Lucas and G. lanuginosum Wollaston are designated.
PB  - Magnolia Press, Auckland
T2  - Zootaxa
T1  - On the identity of Rhinusa hispida (Brulle) and its current synonyms (Coleoptera : Curculionidae)
EP  - 68
IS  - 1805
SP  - 61
DO  - 10.11646/zootaxa.1805.1.3
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Caldara, Roberto and Desancić, Milana and Gassmann, Andre and Legarreta, Lorenza and Emerson, Brent C. and Toševski, Ivo",
year = "2008",
abstract = "From examination of type specimens the authors establish that Rhinusa hispida sensu auctorum is not the same species as R. hispida (Brulle, 1832), which is instead synonymous with R. tetra (Fabricius, 1792) (syn. n.). Moreover, under the name R. hispida sensu auctorum two distinct taxa are confused, which can be distinguished from each other by taxonomic, biological and genetic differences: R. pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) and R. brondelii (Brisout, 1862), stat. n. (= R. lanuginosa (Wollaston, 1875), syn. n.). Gymnetron vulpes Lucas, 1849 (= G. marmota Fairmaire, 1883, syn. n.), previously placed under synonymy of R. hispida (Brulle), is transferred to the genus Mecinus and considered a distinct species. A neotype of G. pilosum brondelii Brisout and lectotypes of G. hispidum Brulle, G. pilosum Gyllenhal, G. vulpes Lucas and G. lanuginosum Wollaston are designated.",
publisher = "Magnolia Press, Auckland",
journal = "Zootaxa",
title = "On the identity of Rhinusa hispida (Brulle) and its current synonyms (Coleoptera : Curculionidae)",
pages = "68-61",
number = "1805",
doi = "10.11646/zootaxa.1805.1.3"
}

Caldara, R., Desancić, M., Gassmann, A., Legarreta, L., Emerson, B. C.,& Toševski, I.. (2008). On the identity of Rhinusa hispida (Brulle) and its current synonyms (Coleoptera : Curculionidae). in Zootaxa
Magnolia Press, Auckland.(1805), 61-68.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1805.1.3

Caldara R, Desancić M, Gassmann A, Legarreta L, Emerson BC, Toševski I. On the identity of Rhinusa hispida (Brulle) and its current synonyms (Coleoptera : Curculionidae). in Zootaxa. 2008;(1805):61-68.
doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1805.1.3 .

Caldara, Roberto, Desancić, Milana, Gassmann, Andre, Legarreta, Lorenza, Emerson, Brent C., Toševski, Ivo, "On the identity of Rhinusa hispida (Brulle) and its current synonyms (Coleoptera : Curculionidae)" in Zootaxa, no. 1805 (2008):61-68,
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1805.1.3 . .