TY  - JOUR
AU  - Toševski, Ivo
AU  - Sing, Sharlene
AU  - De Clerck-Floate, Rosemarie
AU  - McClay, A.
AU  - Weaver, D. K.
AU  - Schwarzlander, M.
AU  - Krstić, Oliver
AU  - Jović, Jelena
AU  - Gassmann, Andre
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/549
AB  - Linaria vulgaris, common or yellow toadflax, and Linaria dalmatica, Dalmatian toadflax (Plantaginaceae), are Eurasian perennial forbs invasive throughout temperate North America. These Linaria species have been the targets of classical biological control programmes in Canada and the USA since the 1960s. The first effective toadflax biological control agent, the stem-mining weevil Mecinus janthinus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was introduced from Europe in the 1990s. This weevil has become established on L. dalmatica and L. vulgaris in both countries, although it has shown greater success in controlling the former toadflax species. Genetic and ecological studies of native range M. janthinus populations revealed that weevils previously identified as a single species in fact include two cryptic species, now recognised as M. janthinus, associated with yellow toadflax, and the recently confirmed species Mecinus janthiniformis, associated with Dalmatian toadflax. The results of a comprehensive study characterising haplotype identities, distributions and frequencies within M. janthinus s.l. native range source populations were compared to those populations currently established in the USA and Canada. The presence of both Mecinus species in North America was confirmed, and revealed with a few exceptions a high and consistent level of host fidelity throughout the adopted and native ranges. Genetic analysis based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene (mtCOII) defined the origin and records the subsequent North American establishment, by haplotype, of the European founder populations of M. janthinus (northern Switzerland and southern Germany) and M. janthiniformis (southern Macedonia), and provided population genetic indices for the studied populations. This analysis together with existing North American shipment receipt, release and rearing records elucidates probable redistribution routes and sources of both weevil species from initially released and established adopted range populations.
PB  - Wiley, Hoboken
T2  - Annals of Applied Biology
T1  - Twenty-five years after: post-introduction association of Mecinus janthinus s.l. with invasive host toadflaxes Linaria vulgaris and Linaria dalmatica in North America
EP  - 34
IS  - 1
SP  - 16
VL  - 173
DO  - 10.1111/aab.12430
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Toševski, Ivo and Sing, Sharlene and De Clerck-Floate, Rosemarie and McClay, A. and Weaver, D. K. and Schwarzlander, M. and Krstić, Oliver and Jović, Jelena and Gassmann, Andre",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Linaria vulgaris, common or yellow toadflax, and Linaria dalmatica, Dalmatian toadflax (Plantaginaceae), are Eurasian perennial forbs invasive throughout temperate North America. These Linaria species have been the targets of classical biological control programmes in Canada and the USA since the 1960s. The first effective toadflax biological control agent, the stem-mining weevil Mecinus janthinus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was introduced from Europe in the 1990s. This weevil has become established on L. dalmatica and L. vulgaris in both countries, although it has shown greater success in controlling the former toadflax species. Genetic and ecological studies of native range M. janthinus populations revealed that weevils previously identified as a single species in fact include two cryptic species, now recognised as M. janthinus, associated with yellow toadflax, and the recently confirmed species Mecinus janthiniformis, associated with Dalmatian toadflax. The results of a comprehensive study characterising haplotype identities, distributions and frequencies within M. janthinus s.l. native range source populations were compared to those populations currently established in the USA and Canada. The presence of both Mecinus species in North America was confirmed, and revealed with a few exceptions a high and consistent level of host fidelity throughout the adopted and native ranges. Genetic analysis based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene (mtCOII) defined the origin and records the subsequent North American establishment, by haplotype, of the European founder populations of M. janthinus (northern Switzerland and southern Germany) and M. janthiniformis (southern Macedonia), and provided population genetic indices for the studied populations. This analysis together with existing North American shipment receipt, release and rearing records elucidates probable redistribution routes and sources of both weevil species from initially released and established adopted range populations.",
publisher = "Wiley, Hoboken",
journal = "Annals of Applied Biology",
title = "Twenty-five years after: post-introduction association of Mecinus janthinus s.l. with invasive host toadflaxes Linaria vulgaris and Linaria dalmatica in North America",
pages = "34-16",
number = "1",
volume = "173",
doi = "10.1111/aab.12430"
}

Toševski, I., Sing, S., De Clerck-Floate, R., McClay, A., Weaver, D. K., Schwarzlander, M., Krstić, O., Jović, J.,& Gassmann, A.. (2018). Twenty-five years after: post-introduction association of Mecinus janthinus s.l. with invasive host toadflaxes Linaria vulgaris and Linaria dalmatica in North America. in Annals of Applied Biology
Wiley, Hoboken., 173(1), 16-34.
https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12430

Toševski I, Sing S, De Clerck-Floate R, McClay A, Weaver DK, Schwarzlander M, Krstić O, Jović J, Gassmann A. Twenty-five years after: post-introduction association of Mecinus janthinus s.l. with invasive host toadflaxes Linaria vulgaris and Linaria dalmatica in North America. in Annals of Applied Biology. 2018;173(1):16-34.
doi:10.1111/aab.12430 .

Toševski, Ivo, Sing, Sharlene, De Clerck-Floate, Rosemarie, McClay, A., Weaver, D. K., Schwarzlander, M., Krstić, Oliver, Jović, Jelena, Gassmann, Andre, "Twenty-five years after: post-introduction association of Mecinus janthinus s.l. with invasive host toadflaxes Linaria vulgaris and Linaria dalmatica in North America" in Annals of Applied Biology, 173, no. 1 (2018):16-34,
https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12430 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Toševski, Ivo
AU  - Caldara, Roberto
AU  - Jović, Jelena
AU  - Hernandez-Vera, Gerardo
AU  - Baviera, Cosimo
AU  - Gassmann, Andre
AU  - Emerson, Brent C.
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/395
AB  - A combined taxonomic, morphological, molecular and biological study revealed that stem-galling weevils from the genus Rhinusa associated with toadflaxes from the genus Linaria (Plantaginaceae) are composed of three different species: Rhinusa pilosa, Rhinusa brondelii and Rhinusa rarasp.n. The authentic field host plants are respectively, Linaria vulgaris, Linaria purpurea and Linaria genistifolia/ Linaria dalmatica. These weevil species can be distinguished from each other by a few subtle morphological characteristics, mainly in the shape of the rostrum and of the integument. An analysis of the mitochondrial [cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene (COII) and 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S)] and nuclear (elongation factor-1, EF-1) sequence data revealed high genetic divergence among these species. Uncorrected pairwise distances on mtCOII gene were 14.3% between R. pilosa and R. brondelii, 15.7% between R. pilosa and R. rara, while R. brondelii and R. rara were approximately 11% divergent from each other. Divergences obtained on 16S and nuclear EF-1 genes were congruent. However, substantial intraspecific mitochondrial divergence was recorded for all studied populations of R. pilosa s.s. showing two mtDNA lineages, with estimated COII and 16S divergences of 4% and 1.6%, respectively. Nuclear pseudogenes (Numts) and Wolbachia influence, although recorded within both lineages, were excluded as possible causatives of the mtDNA divergence, while EF-1 indicated absence of lineage sorting. Species from the R. pilosa complex are estimated to have diverged from each other approximately 7.2 million years ago (mya; late Miocene), while R. brondelii and R. rara diverged from each other about 4.7 mya (early Pliocene). This published work has been registered in ZooBank, .
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken
T2  - Systematic Entomology
T1  - Host-associated genetic divergence and taxonomy in the Rhinusa pilosa Gyllenhal species complex: an integrative approach
EP  - 287
IS  - 1
SP  - 268
VL  - 40
DO  - 10.1111/syen.12109
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Toševski, Ivo and Caldara, Roberto and Jović, Jelena and Hernandez-Vera, Gerardo and Baviera, Cosimo and Gassmann, Andre and Emerson, Brent C.",
year = "2015",
abstract = "A combined taxonomic, morphological, molecular and biological study revealed that stem-galling weevils from the genus Rhinusa associated with toadflaxes from the genus Linaria (Plantaginaceae) are composed of three different species: Rhinusa pilosa, Rhinusa brondelii and Rhinusa rarasp.n. The authentic field host plants are respectively, Linaria vulgaris, Linaria purpurea and Linaria genistifolia/ Linaria dalmatica. These weevil species can be distinguished from each other by a few subtle morphological characteristics, mainly in the shape of the rostrum and of the integument. An analysis of the mitochondrial [cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene (COII) and 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S)] and nuclear (elongation factor-1, EF-1) sequence data revealed high genetic divergence among these species. Uncorrected pairwise distances on mtCOII gene were 14.3% between R. pilosa and R. brondelii, 15.7% between R. pilosa and R. rara, while R. brondelii and R. rara were approximately 11% divergent from each other. Divergences obtained on 16S and nuclear EF-1 genes were congruent. However, substantial intraspecific mitochondrial divergence was recorded for all studied populations of R. pilosa s.s. showing two mtDNA lineages, with estimated COII and 16S divergences of 4% and 1.6%, respectively. Nuclear pseudogenes (Numts) and Wolbachia influence, although recorded within both lineages, were excluded as possible causatives of the mtDNA divergence, while EF-1 indicated absence of lineage sorting. Species from the R. pilosa complex are estimated to have diverged from each other approximately 7.2 million years ago (mya; late Miocene), while R. brondelii and R. rara diverged from each other about 4.7 mya (early Pliocene). This published work has been registered in ZooBank, .",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken",
journal = "Systematic Entomology",
title = "Host-associated genetic divergence and taxonomy in the Rhinusa pilosa Gyllenhal species complex: an integrative approach",
pages = "287-268",
number = "1",
volume = "40",
doi = "10.1111/syen.12109"
}

Toševski, I., Caldara, R., Jović, J., Hernandez-Vera, G., Baviera, C., Gassmann, A.,& Emerson, B. C.. (2015). Host-associated genetic divergence and taxonomy in the Rhinusa pilosa Gyllenhal species complex: an integrative approach. in Systematic Entomology
Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken., 40(1), 268-287.
https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12109

Toševski I, Caldara R, Jović J, Hernandez-Vera G, Baviera C, Gassmann A, Emerson BC. Host-associated genetic divergence and taxonomy in the Rhinusa pilosa Gyllenhal species complex: an integrative approach. in Systematic Entomology. 2015;40(1):268-287.
doi:10.1111/syen.12109 .

Toševski, Ivo, Caldara, Roberto, Jović, Jelena, Hernandez-Vera, Gerardo, Baviera, Cosimo, Gassmann, Andre, Emerson, Brent C., "Host-associated genetic divergence and taxonomy in the Rhinusa pilosa Gyllenhal species complex: an integrative approach" in Systematic Entomology, 40, no. 1 (2015):268-287,
https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12109 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gassmann, Andre
AU  - De Clerck-Floate, Rosemarie
AU  - Sing, Sharlene
AU  - Toševski, Ivo
AU  - Mitrović, Milana
AU  - Krstić, Oliver
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/317
PB  - Springer, Dordrecht
T2  - BioControl
T1  - Erratum to: Biology and host specificity of Rhinusa pilosa, a recommended biological control agent of Linaria vulgaris (BioControl, 10.1007/s10526-014-9578-7)
IS  - 4
SP  - 485
VL  - 59
DO  - 10.1007/s10526-014-9580-0
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Gassmann, Andre and De Clerck-Floate, Rosemarie and Sing, Sharlene and Toševski, Ivo and Mitrović, Milana and Krstić, Oliver",
year = "2014",
publisher = "Springer, Dordrecht",
journal = "BioControl",
title = "Erratum to: Biology and host specificity of Rhinusa pilosa, a recommended biological control agent of Linaria vulgaris (BioControl, 10.1007/s10526-014-9578-7)",
number = "4",
pages = "485",
volume = "59",
doi = "10.1007/s10526-014-9580-0"
}

Gassmann, A., De Clerck-Floate, R., Sing, S., Toševski, I., Mitrović, M.,& Krstić, O.. (2014). Erratum to: Biology and host specificity of Rhinusa pilosa, a recommended biological control agent of Linaria vulgaris (BioControl, 10.1007/s10526-014-9578-7). in BioControl
Springer, Dordrecht., 59(4), 485.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-014-9580-0

Gassmann A, De Clerck-Floate R, Sing S, Toševski I, Mitrović M, Krstić O. Erratum to: Biology and host specificity of Rhinusa pilosa, a recommended biological control agent of Linaria vulgaris (BioControl, 10.1007/s10526-014-9578-7). in BioControl. 2014;59(4):485.
doi:10.1007/s10526-014-9580-0 .

Gassmann, Andre, De Clerck-Floate, Rosemarie, Sing, Sharlene, Toševski, Ivo, Mitrović, Milana, Krstić, Oliver, "Erratum to: Biology and host specificity of Rhinusa pilosa, a recommended biological control agent of Linaria vulgaris (BioControl, 10.1007/s10526-014-9578-7)" in BioControl, 59, no. 4 (2014):485,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-014-9580-0 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gassmann, Andre
AU  - Toševski, Ivo
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/356
AB  - Rhamnus cathartica (common buckthorn) is a shrub (or small tree) of Eurasian origin, which has become invasive in North America. Internal feeders and sap suckers were prioritized for biological control from over 30 specialized insects identified from the target plant in its native European range. Five leaf-feeding moths were also considered for further investigations. Field observations and preliminary host range tests with the stem-boring beetle Oberea pedemontana, the root-boring moth Synanthedon stomoxiformis, the shoot-tip-boring moth Sorhagenia janiszewskae and the leaf-feeding moths Ancylis apicella, A.unculana, Triphosa dubitata, Philereme transversata and P.vetulata confirmed that all of these species were lacking host specificity in no-choice conditions. Choice oviposition tests carried out with most of the prioritized species to assess their ecological host range yielded unreliable results. Three psyllids, Trichochermes walkeri, Cacopsylla rhamnicolla and Trioza rhamni are promising in terms of host specificity, but are infected with the plant disease Candidatus Phytoplasma rhamni'. Fruit- or seed-feeding insects may present the best potential for biological control of buckthorn in directly reducing seed set and thus seedling establishment. However, it was not possible to obtain adult fruiting trees of native North American Rhamnus species for testing. It is concluded that there are no promising arthropod agents based on what is known to date. Pathogens could offer new opportunities for biological control of R.cathartica in North America.
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken
T2  - Journal of Applied Entomology
T1  - Biological control of Rhamnus cathartica: is it feasible? A review of work done in 2002-2012
EP  - 13
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 1
VL  - 138
DO  - 10.1111/jen.12104
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Gassmann, Andre and Toševski, Ivo",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Rhamnus cathartica (common buckthorn) is a shrub (or small tree) of Eurasian origin, which has become invasive in North America. Internal feeders and sap suckers were prioritized for biological control from over 30 specialized insects identified from the target plant in its native European range. Five leaf-feeding moths were also considered for further investigations. Field observations and preliminary host range tests with the stem-boring beetle Oberea pedemontana, the root-boring moth Synanthedon stomoxiformis, the shoot-tip-boring moth Sorhagenia janiszewskae and the leaf-feeding moths Ancylis apicella, A.unculana, Triphosa dubitata, Philereme transversata and P.vetulata confirmed that all of these species were lacking host specificity in no-choice conditions. Choice oviposition tests carried out with most of the prioritized species to assess their ecological host range yielded unreliable results. Three psyllids, Trichochermes walkeri, Cacopsylla rhamnicolla and Trioza rhamni are promising in terms of host specificity, but are infected with the plant disease Candidatus Phytoplasma rhamni'. Fruit- or seed-feeding insects may present the best potential for biological control of buckthorn in directly reducing seed set and thus seedling establishment. However, it was not possible to obtain adult fruiting trees of native North American Rhamnus species for testing. It is concluded that there are no promising arthropod agents based on what is known to date. Pathogens could offer new opportunities for biological control of R.cathartica in North America.",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken",
journal = "Journal of Applied Entomology",
title = "Biological control of Rhamnus cathartica: is it feasible? A review of work done in 2002-2012",
pages = "13-1",
number = "1-2",
volume = "138",
doi = "10.1111/jen.12104"
}

Gassmann, A.,& Toševski, I.. (2014). Biological control of Rhamnus cathartica: is it feasible? A review of work done in 2002-2012. in Journal of Applied Entomology
Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken., 138(1-2), 1-13.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jen.12104

Gassmann A, Toševski I. Biological control of Rhamnus cathartica: is it feasible? A review of work done in 2002-2012. in Journal of Applied Entomology. 2014;138(1-2):1-13.
doi:10.1111/jen.12104 .

Gassmann, Andre, Toševski, Ivo, "Biological control of Rhamnus cathartica: is it feasible? A review of work done in 2002-2012" in Journal of Applied Entomology, 138, no. 1-2 (2014):1-13,
https://doi.org/10.1111/jen.12104 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gassmann, Andre
AU  - De Clerck-Floate, Rosemarie
AU  - Sing, Sharlene
AU  - Toševski, Ivo
AU  - Mitrović, Milana
AU  - Krstić, Oliver
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/343
AB  - Linaria vulgaris Mill. (Plantaginaceae), common or yellow toadflax, is a Eurasian short-lived perennial forb invasive throughout temperate North America. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) is a univoltine shoot-galling weevil found exclusively on L. vulgaris in Europe. Under no-choice test conditions, 13 non-native Linaria species exposed to R. pilosa were accepted for oviposition and most were found to be suitable, to varying degrees, for gall and larval development. Adult feeding and survival was minimal on native North American species in the plant tribe Antirrhineae which includes the target plant. In no-choice tests with 63 native North American species and 24 other non-target species outside Linaria, oviposition was limited to four native North American species. Only three larvae developed to the adult stage on Sairocarpus virga (A. Gray) D.A. Sutton, with no negative impact on plant growth. Risks to native flora from the release of R. pilosa are therefore expected to be minimal. The Technical Advisory Group for the Biological Control of Weeds (TAG-BCW) has recommended release of R. pilosa in September 2013.
PB  - Springer, Dordrecht
T2  - BioControl
T1  - Biology and host specificity of Rhinusa pilosa, a recommended biological control agent of Linaria vulgaris
EP  - 483
IS  - 4
SP  - 473
VL  - 59
DO  - 10.1007/s10526-014-9578-7
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Gassmann, Andre and De Clerck-Floate, Rosemarie and Sing, Sharlene and Toševski, Ivo and Mitrović, Milana and Krstić, Oliver",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Linaria vulgaris Mill. (Plantaginaceae), common or yellow toadflax, is a Eurasian short-lived perennial forb invasive throughout temperate North America. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) is a univoltine shoot-galling weevil found exclusively on L. vulgaris in Europe. Under no-choice test conditions, 13 non-native Linaria species exposed to R. pilosa were accepted for oviposition and most were found to be suitable, to varying degrees, for gall and larval development. Adult feeding and survival was minimal on native North American species in the plant tribe Antirrhineae which includes the target plant. In no-choice tests with 63 native North American species and 24 other non-target species outside Linaria, oviposition was limited to four native North American species. Only three larvae developed to the adult stage on Sairocarpus virga (A. Gray) D.A. Sutton, with no negative impact on plant growth. Risks to native flora from the release of R. pilosa are therefore expected to be minimal. The Technical Advisory Group for the Biological Control of Weeds (TAG-BCW) has recommended release of R. pilosa in September 2013.",
publisher = "Springer, Dordrecht",
journal = "BioControl",
title = "Biology and host specificity of Rhinusa pilosa, a recommended biological control agent of Linaria vulgaris",
pages = "483-473",
number = "4",
volume = "59",
doi = "10.1007/s10526-014-9578-7"
}

Gassmann, A., De Clerck-Floate, R., Sing, S., Toševski, I., Mitrović, M.,& Krstić, O.. (2014). Biology and host specificity of Rhinusa pilosa, a recommended biological control agent of Linaria vulgaris. in BioControl
Springer, Dordrecht., 59(4), 473-483.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-014-9578-7

Gassmann A, De Clerck-Floate R, Sing S, Toševski I, Mitrović M, Krstić O. Biology and host specificity of Rhinusa pilosa, a recommended biological control agent of Linaria vulgaris. in BioControl. 2014;59(4):473-483.
doi:10.1007/s10526-014-9578-7 .

Gassmann, Andre, De Clerck-Floate, Rosemarie, Sing, Sharlene, Toševski, Ivo, Mitrović, Milana, Krstić, Oliver, "Biology and host specificity of Rhinusa pilosa, a recommended biological control agent of Linaria vulgaris" in BioControl, 59, no. 4 (2014):473-483,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-014-9578-7 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Toševski, Ivo
AU  - Caldara, Roberto
AU  - Jović, Jelena
AU  - Baviera, Cosimo
AU  - Hernandez-Vera, Gerardo
AU  - Gassmann, Andre
AU  - Emerson, Brent C.
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/358
AB  - A combined taxonomic, morphological, molecular and biological study revealed that the species presently named Mecinus heydenii is actually composed of five different species: M.heydenii Wencker, 1866; M.raphaelis Baviera & Caldara sp. n., M.laeviceps Tournier, 1873; M.peterharrisi Toevski & Caldara sp. n. and M.bulgaricus Angelov, 1971. These species can be distinguished from each other by a few subtle characteristics, mainly in the shape of the rostrum and body of the penis, and the colour of the integument. The first four species live on different species of Linaria plants, respectively, L.vulgaris (L.) P.Mill., L.purpurea (L.) P.Mill. L.genistifolia (L.) P.Mill. and L.dalmatica (L.) P.Mill., whereas the host plant of M.bulgaricus is still unknown. An analysis of mtCOII gene sequence data revealed high genetic divergence among these species, with uncorrected pairwise distances of 9% between M.heydenii and M.raphaelis, 11.5% between M.laeviceps, M.heydenii and M.raphaelis, while M.laeviceps and M.peterharrisi are approximately 6.3% divergent from each other. Mecinus bulgaricus exhibits even greater divergence from all these species and is more closely related to M.dorsalis Aube, 1850. Sampled populations of M.laeviceps form three geographical subspecies: M.laeviceps laeviceps, M.laeviceps meridionalis Toevski & Jovi and M.laeviceps corifoliae Toevski & Jovi. These subspecies show clear genetic clustering with uncorrected mtDNA COII divergences of approximately 1.4% from each other.
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken
T2  - Zoologica Scripta
T1  - Revision of Mecinus heydenii species complex (Curculionidae): integrative taxonomy reveals multiple species exhibiting host specialization
EP  - 51
IS  - 1
SP  - 34
VL  - 43
DO  - 10.1111/zsc.12037
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Toševski, Ivo and Caldara, Roberto and Jović, Jelena and Baviera, Cosimo and Hernandez-Vera, Gerardo and Gassmann, Andre and Emerson, Brent C.",
year = "2014",
abstract = "A combined taxonomic, morphological, molecular and biological study revealed that the species presently named Mecinus heydenii is actually composed of five different species: M.heydenii Wencker, 1866; M.raphaelis Baviera & Caldara sp. n., M.laeviceps Tournier, 1873; M.peterharrisi Toevski & Caldara sp. n. and M.bulgaricus Angelov, 1971. These species can be distinguished from each other by a few subtle characteristics, mainly in the shape of the rostrum and body of the penis, and the colour of the integument. The first four species live on different species of Linaria plants, respectively, L.vulgaris (L.) P.Mill., L.purpurea (L.) P.Mill. L.genistifolia (L.) P.Mill. and L.dalmatica (L.) P.Mill., whereas the host plant of M.bulgaricus is still unknown. An analysis of mtCOII gene sequence data revealed high genetic divergence among these species, with uncorrected pairwise distances of 9% between M.heydenii and M.raphaelis, 11.5% between M.laeviceps, M.heydenii and M.raphaelis, while M.laeviceps and M.peterharrisi are approximately 6.3% divergent from each other. Mecinus bulgaricus exhibits even greater divergence from all these species and is more closely related to M.dorsalis Aube, 1850. Sampled populations of M.laeviceps form three geographical subspecies: M.laeviceps laeviceps, M.laeviceps meridionalis Toevski & Jovi and M.laeviceps corifoliae Toevski & Jovi. These subspecies show clear genetic clustering with uncorrected mtDNA COII divergences of approximately 1.4% from each other.",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken",
journal = "Zoologica Scripta",
title = "Revision of Mecinus heydenii species complex (Curculionidae): integrative taxonomy reveals multiple species exhibiting host specialization",
pages = "51-34",
number = "1",
volume = "43",
doi = "10.1111/zsc.12037"
}

Toševski, I., Caldara, R., Jović, J., Baviera, C., Hernandez-Vera, G., Gassmann, A.,& Emerson, B. C.. (2014). Revision of Mecinus heydenii species complex (Curculionidae): integrative taxonomy reveals multiple species exhibiting host specialization. in Zoologica Scripta
Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken., 43(1), 34-51.
https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12037

Toševski I, Caldara R, Jović J, Baviera C, Hernandez-Vera G, Gassmann A, Emerson BC. Revision of Mecinus heydenii species complex (Curculionidae): integrative taxonomy reveals multiple species exhibiting host specialization. in Zoologica Scripta. 2014;43(1):34-51.
doi:10.1111/zsc.12037 .

Toševski, Ivo, Caldara, Roberto, Jović, Jelena, Baviera, Cosimo, Hernandez-Vera, Gerardo, Gassmann, Andre, Emerson, Brent C., "Revision of Mecinus heydenii species complex (Curculionidae): integrative taxonomy reveals multiple species exhibiting host specialization" in Zoologica Scripta, 43, no. 1 (2014):34-51,
https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12037 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Toševski, Ivo
AU  - Jović, Jelena
AU  - Krstić, Oliver
AU  - Gassmann, Andre
PY  - 2013
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/295
AB  - Several populations of the stem-mining weevil Mecinus janthinus Germar species complex (Mecinini, Curculionidae), identified based on morphological characteristics, have been introduced in North America for the biological control of invasive toadflaxes of European origin: Linaria vulgaris Miller and L. dalmatica (L.) Miller (Plantaginaceae). According to the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) gene haplotype divergence of Mecinus janthinus species complex, a total of 20 M. janthinus s.s., 3 M. janthinus s.l. of the 'speciosa' genotype and 29 M. janthiniformis haplotypes have been recorded across their native range in central and southeastern Europe. A polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) diagnostic assay of COII gene using Hpy188III and MnlI enzyme-mix, was developed for fast and cost-effective discrimination of these morphologically very similar cryptic weevil species. It is shown that digestion generates unique 4-fragment restriction profile in M. janthinus s.s., 2-fragment profile in M. janthiniformis and 3-fragment profile in M. janthinus s.l. 'speciosa' group of haplotypes, allowing precise identification of each species or genotype. The proposed method represents a practical tool for fast and accurate identification of the target biocontrol agents and should prevent using inappropriate weevil species in redistribution programs for biological control of invasive toadflax species.
PB  - Springer, Dordrecht
T2  - BioControl
T1  - PCR-RFLP-based method for reliable discrimination of cryptic species within Mecinus janthinus species complex (Mecinini, Curculionidae) introduced in North America for biological control of invasive toadflaxes
EP  - 573
IS  - 4
SP  - 563
VL  - 58
DO  - 10.1007/s10526-013-9506-2
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Toševski, Ivo and Jović, Jelena and Krstić, Oliver and Gassmann, Andre",
year = "2013",
abstract = "Several populations of the stem-mining weevil Mecinus janthinus Germar species complex (Mecinini, Curculionidae), identified based on morphological characteristics, have been introduced in North America for the biological control of invasive toadflaxes of European origin: Linaria vulgaris Miller and L. dalmatica (L.) Miller (Plantaginaceae). According to the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) gene haplotype divergence of Mecinus janthinus species complex, a total of 20 M. janthinus s.s., 3 M. janthinus s.l. of the 'speciosa' genotype and 29 M. janthiniformis haplotypes have been recorded across their native range in central and southeastern Europe. A polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) diagnostic assay of COII gene using Hpy188III and MnlI enzyme-mix, was developed for fast and cost-effective discrimination of these morphologically very similar cryptic weevil species. It is shown that digestion generates unique 4-fragment restriction profile in M. janthinus s.s., 2-fragment profile in M. janthiniformis and 3-fragment profile in M. janthinus s.l. 'speciosa' group of haplotypes, allowing precise identification of each species or genotype. The proposed method represents a practical tool for fast and accurate identification of the target biocontrol agents and should prevent using inappropriate weevil species in redistribution programs for biological control of invasive toadflax species.",
publisher = "Springer, Dordrecht",
journal = "BioControl",
title = "PCR-RFLP-based method for reliable discrimination of cryptic species within Mecinus janthinus species complex (Mecinini, Curculionidae) introduced in North America for biological control of invasive toadflaxes",
pages = "573-563",
number = "4",
volume = "58",
doi = "10.1007/s10526-013-9506-2"
}

Toševski, I., Jović, J., Krstić, O.,& Gassmann, A.. (2013). PCR-RFLP-based method for reliable discrimination of cryptic species within Mecinus janthinus species complex (Mecinini, Curculionidae) introduced in North America for biological control of invasive toadflaxes. in BioControl
Springer, Dordrecht., 58(4), 563-573.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-013-9506-2

Toševski I, Jović J, Krstić O, Gassmann A. PCR-RFLP-based method for reliable discrimination of cryptic species within Mecinus janthinus species complex (Mecinini, Curculionidae) introduced in North America for biological control of invasive toadflaxes. in BioControl. 2013;58(4):563-573.
doi:10.1007/s10526-013-9506-2 .

Toševski, Ivo, Jović, Jelena, Krstić, Oliver, Gassmann, Andre, "PCR-RFLP-based method for reliable discrimination of cryptic species within Mecinus janthinus species complex (Mecinini, Curculionidae) introduced in North America for biological control of invasive toadflaxes" in BioControl, 58, no. 4 (2013):563-573,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-013-9506-2 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Toševski, Ivo
AU  - Caldara, Roberto
AU  - Jović, Jelena
AU  - Hernandez-Vera, Gerardo
AU  - Baviera, Cosimo
AU  - Gassmann, Andre
AU  - Emerson, Brent C.
PY  - 2011
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/152
AB  - A combined morphological, molecular and biological study shows that the weevil species presently named Mecinus janthinus is actually composed of two different cryptic species: M. janthinus Germar, 1821 and M. janthiniformis Tosevski & Caldara sp.n. These species are morphologically distinguishable from each other by a few very subtle morphological characters. On the contrary, they are more readily distinguishable by both molecular and biological characters. A molecular assessment based on the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene revealed fixed differences between the two species with p-distances between samples of both species ranging from 1.3 to 2.4%. In addition to this, the larvae of the two species are found to develop on different species within the genus Linaria (Plantaginaceae): M. janthinus is associated with yellow toadflax (L. vulgaris) and M. janthiniformis with broomleaf toadflax (L. genistifolia) and Dalmatian toadflax (L. dalmatica). Molecular and host use records further suggest the occurrence of a third species associated with L. vulgaris within M. janthinus, sampled from north Switzerland, central Hungary and east Serbia. The significance of these new findings is of particular importance because species of the M. janthinus group are used, or are potential candidates, for the biological control of invasive toadflaxes in North America.
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken
T2  - Systematic Entomology
T1  - Morphological, molecular and biological evidence reveal two cryptic species in Mecinus janthinus Germar (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), a successful biological control agent of Dalmatian toadflax, Linaria dalmatica (Lamiales, Plantaginaceae)
EP  - 753
IS  - 4
SP  - 741
VL  - 36
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00593.x
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Toševski, Ivo and Caldara, Roberto and Jović, Jelena and Hernandez-Vera, Gerardo and Baviera, Cosimo and Gassmann, Andre and Emerson, Brent C.",
year = "2011",
abstract = "A combined morphological, molecular and biological study shows that the weevil species presently named Mecinus janthinus is actually composed of two different cryptic species: M. janthinus Germar, 1821 and M. janthiniformis Tosevski & Caldara sp.n. These species are morphologically distinguishable from each other by a few very subtle morphological characters. On the contrary, they are more readily distinguishable by both molecular and biological characters. A molecular assessment based on the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene revealed fixed differences between the two species with p-distances between samples of both species ranging from 1.3 to 2.4%. In addition to this, the larvae of the two species are found to develop on different species within the genus Linaria (Plantaginaceae): M. janthinus is associated with yellow toadflax (L. vulgaris) and M. janthiniformis with broomleaf toadflax (L. genistifolia) and Dalmatian toadflax (L. dalmatica). Molecular and host use records further suggest the occurrence of a third species associated with L. vulgaris within M. janthinus, sampled from north Switzerland, central Hungary and east Serbia. The significance of these new findings is of particular importance because species of the M. janthinus group are used, or are potential candidates, for the biological control of invasive toadflaxes in North America.",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken",
journal = "Systematic Entomology",
title = "Morphological, molecular and biological evidence reveal two cryptic species in Mecinus janthinus Germar (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), a successful biological control agent of Dalmatian toadflax, Linaria dalmatica (Lamiales, Plantaginaceae)",
pages = "753-741",
number = "4",
volume = "36",
doi = "10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00593.x"
}

Toševski, I., Caldara, R., Jović, J., Hernandez-Vera, G., Baviera, C., Gassmann, A.,& Emerson, B. C.. (2011). Morphological, molecular and biological evidence reveal two cryptic species in Mecinus janthinus Germar (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), a successful biological control agent of Dalmatian toadflax, Linaria dalmatica (Lamiales, Plantaginaceae). in Systematic Entomology
Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken., 36(4), 741-753.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00593.x

Toševski I, Caldara R, Jović J, Hernandez-Vera G, Baviera C, Gassmann A, Emerson BC. Morphological, molecular and biological evidence reveal two cryptic species in Mecinus janthinus Germar (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), a successful biological control agent of Dalmatian toadflax, Linaria dalmatica (Lamiales, Plantaginaceae). in Systematic Entomology. 2011;36(4):741-753.
doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00593.x .

Toševski, Ivo, Caldara, Roberto, Jović, Jelena, Hernandez-Vera, Gerardo, Baviera, Cosimo, Gassmann, Andre, Emerson, Brent C., "Morphological, molecular and biological evidence reveal two cryptic species in Mecinus janthinus Germar (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), a successful biological control agent of Dalmatian toadflax, Linaria dalmatica (Lamiales, Plantaginaceae)" in Systematic Entomology, 36, no. 4 (2011):741-753,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00593.x . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jović, Jelena
AU  - Krstić, Oliver
AU  - Toševski, Ivo
AU  - Gassmann, Andre
PY  - 2011
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/168
AB  - Common buckthorn, Rhamnus cathartica L., is a small tree or shrub of Eurasian origin that has become invasive in North America. A survey was conducted during 2010 to evaluate occurrence of buckthorn witches' broom (BWB) disease symptoms induced by Candidatus Phytoplasma rhamni' in the native range of R. cathartica. The distribution of phytoplasma-infected trees was identified over a large expanse of Europe, from south-west Switzerland to north-east Serbia. Although 25% of analyzed buckthorn trees were infected with phytoplasma (34 out of 133 plants), all plants were symptomless, indicating a commensal relationship between the phytoplasma and its plant host without negative effects which would lead to disease development.
PB  - Alma Mater Studiorum, Univ Bologna, Bologna
T2  - Bulletin of Insectology
T1  - The occurrence of 'Candidatus phytoplasma rhamni' in Rhamnus cathartica L. without symptoms
VL  - 64
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Jović, Jelena and Krstić, Oliver and Toševski, Ivo and Gassmann, Andre",
year = "2011",
abstract = "Common buckthorn, Rhamnus cathartica L., is a small tree or shrub of Eurasian origin that has become invasive in North America. A survey was conducted during 2010 to evaluate occurrence of buckthorn witches' broom (BWB) disease symptoms induced by Candidatus Phytoplasma rhamni' in the native range of R. cathartica. The distribution of phytoplasma-infected trees was identified over a large expanse of Europe, from south-west Switzerland to north-east Serbia. Although 25% of analyzed buckthorn trees were infected with phytoplasma (34 out of 133 plants), all plants were symptomless, indicating a commensal relationship between the phytoplasma and its plant host without negative effects which would lead to disease development.",
publisher = "Alma Mater Studiorum, Univ Bologna, Bologna",
journal = "Bulletin of Insectology",
title = "The occurrence of 'Candidatus phytoplasma rhamni' in Rhamnus cathartica L. without symptoms",
volume = "64"
}

Jović, J., Krstić, O., Toševski, I.,& Gassmann, A.. (2011). The occurrence of 'Candidatus phytoplasma rhamni' in Rhamnus cathartica L. without symptoms. in Bulletin of Insectology
Alma Mater Studiorum, Univ Bologna, Bologna., 64.

Jović J, Krstić O, Toševski I, Gassmann A. The occurrence of 'Candidatus phytoplasma rhamni' in Rhamnus cathartica L. without symptoms. in Bulletin of Insectology. 2011;64..

Jović, Jelena, Krstić, Oliver, Toševski, Ivo, Gassmann, Andre, "The occurrence of 'Candidatus phytoplasma rhamni' in Rhamnus cathartica L. without symptoms" in Bulletin of Insectology, 64 (2011).

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hernandez-Vera, Gerardo
AU  - Mitrović, Milana
AU  - Jović, Jelena
AU  - Toševski, Ivo
AU  - Caldara, Roberto
AU  - Gassmann, Andre
AU  - Emerson, Brent C.
PY  - 2010
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/136
AB  - Plant feeding insects and the plants they feed upon represent an ecological association that is thought to be a key factor for the diversification of many plant feeding insects, through differential adaptation to different plant selective pressures. While a number of studies have investigated diversification of plant feeding insects above the species level, relatively less attention has been given to patterns of diversification within species, particularly those that also require plants for oviposition and subsequent larval development. In the case of plant feeding insects that also require plant tissues for the completion of their reproductive cycle through larval development, the divergent selective pressure not only acts on adults, but on the full life history of the insect. Here we focus attention on Rhinusa antirrhini (Curculionidae), a species of weevil broadly distributed across Europe that both feeds on, and oviposits and develops within, species of the plant genus Linaria (Plantaginaceae). Using a combination of mtDNA (COII) and nuclear DNA (EF1-alpha) sequencing and copulation experiments we assess evidence for host associated genetic differentiation within R. antirrhini. We find substantial genetic variation within this species that is best explained by ecological specialisation on different host plant taxa. This genetic differentiation is most pronounced in the mtDNA marker, with patterns of genetic variation at the nuclear marker suggesting incomplete lineage sorting and/or gene flow between different host plant forms of R. antirrhini, whose origin is estimated to date to the mid-Pliocene (3.77 Mya; 2.91-4.80 Mya).
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken
T2  - Molecular Ecology
T1  - Host-associated genetic differentiation in a seed parasitic weevil Rhinusa antirrhini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data
EP  - 2300
IS  - 11
SP  - 2286
VL  - 19
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04639.x
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Hernandez-Vera, Gerardo and Mitrović, Milana and Jović, Jelena and Toševski, Ivo and Caldara, Roberto and Gassmann, Andre and Emerson, Brent C.",
year = "2010",
abstract = "Plant feeding insects and the plants they feed upon represent an ecological association that is thought to be a key factor for the diversification of many plant feeding insects, through differential adaptation to different plant selective pressures. While a number of studies have investigated diversification of plant feeding insects above the species level, relatively less attention has been given to patterns of diversification within species, particularly those that also require plants for oviposition and subsequent larval development. In the case of plant feeding insects that also require plant tissues for the completion of their reproductive cycle through larval development, the divergent selective pressure not only acts on adults, but on the full life history of the insect. Here we focus attention on Rhinusa antirrhini (Curculionidae), a species of weevil broadly distributed across Europe that both feeds on, and oviposits and develops within, species of the plant genus Linaria (Plantaginaceae). Using a combination of mtDNA (COII) and nuclear DNA (EF1-alpha) sequencing and copulation experiments we assess evidence for host associated genetic differentiation within R. antirrhini. We find substantial genetic variation within this species that is best explained by ecological specialisation on different host plant taxa. This genetic differentiation is most pronounced in the mtDNA marker, with patterns of genetic variation at the nuclear marker suggesting incomplete lineage sorting and/or gene flow between different host plant forms of R. antirrhini, whose origin is estimated to date to the mid-Pliocene (3.77 Mya; 2.91-4.80 Mya).",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken",
journal = "Molecular Ecology",
title = "Host-associated genetic differentiation in a seed parasitic weevil Rhinusa antirrhini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data",
pages = "2300-2286",
number = "11",
volume = "19",
doi = "10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04639.x"
}

Hernandez-Vera, G., Mitrović, M., Jović, J., Toševski, I., Caldara, R., Gassmann, A.,& Emerson, B. C.. (2010). Host-associated genetic differentiation in a seed parasitic weevil Rhinusa antirrhini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data. in Molecular Ecology
Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken., 19(11), 2286-2300.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04639.x

Hernandez-Vera G, Mitrović M, Jović J, Toševski I, Caldara R, Gassmann A, Emerson BC. Host-associated genetic differentiation in a seed parasitic weevil Rhinusa antirrhini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data. in Molecular Ecology. 2010;19(11):2286-2300.
doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04639.x .

Hernandez-Vera, Gerardo, Mitrović, Milana, Jović, Jelena, Toševski, Ivo, Caldara, Roberto, Gassmann, Andre, Emerson, Brent C., "Host-associated genetic differentiation in a seed parasitic weevil Rhinusa antirrhini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data" in Molecular Ecology, 19, no. 11 (2010):2286-2300,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04639.x . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Caldara, Roberto
AU  - Desancić, Milana
AU  - Gassmann, Andre
AU  - Legarreta, Lorenza
AU  - Emerson, Brent C.
AU  - Toševski, Ivo
PY  - 2008
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/66
AB  - From examination of type specimens the authors establish that Rhinusa hispida sensu auctorum is not the same species as R. hispida (Brulle, 1832), which is instead synonymous with R. tetra (Fabricius, 1792) (syn. n.). Moreover, under the name R. hispida sensu auctorum two distinct taxa are confused, which can be distinguished from each other by taxonomic, biological and genetic differences: R. pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) and R. brondelii (Brisout, 1862), stat. n. (= R. lanuginosa (Wollaston, 1875), syn. n.). Gymnetron vulpes Lucas, 1849 (= G. marmota Fairmaire, 1883, syn. n.), previously placed under synonymy of R. hispida (Brulle), is transferred to the genus Mecinus and considered a distinct species. A neotype of G. pilosum brondelii Brisout and lectotypes of G. hispidum Brulle, G. pilosum Gyllenhal, G. vulpes Lucas and G. lanuginosum Wollaston are designated.
PB  - Magnolia Press, Auckland
T2  - Zootaxa
T1  - On the identity of Rhinusa hispida (Brulle) and its current synonyms (Coleoptera : Curculionidae)
EP  - 68
IS  - 1805
SP  - 61
DO  - 10.11646/zootaxa.1805.1.3
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Caldara, Roberto and Desancić, Milana and Gassmann, Andre and Legarreta, Lorenza and Emerson, Brent C. and Toševski, Ivo",
year = "2008",
abstract = "From examination of type specimens the authors establish that Rhinusa hispida sensu auctorum is not the same species as R. hispida (Brulle, 1832), which is instead synonymous with R. tetra (Fabricius, 1792) (syn. n.). Moreover, under the name R. hispida sensu auctorum two distinct taxa are confused, which can be distinguished from each other by taxonomic, biological and genetic differences: R. pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) and R. brondelii (Brisout, 1862), stat. n. (= R. lanuginosa (Wollaston, 1875), syn. n.). Gymnetron vulpes Lucas, 1849 (= G. marmota Fairmaire, 1883, syn. n.), previously placed under synonymy of R. hispida (Brulle), is transferred to the genus Mecinus and considered a distinct species. A neotype of G. pilosum brondelii Brisout and lectotypes of G. hispidum Brulle, G. pilosum Gyllenhal, G. vulpes Lucas and G. lanuginosum Wollaston are designated.",
publisher = "Magnolia Press, Auckland",
journal = "Zootaxa",
title = "On the identity of Rhinusa hispida (Brulle) and its current synonyms (Coleoptera : Curculionidae)",
pages = "68-61",
number = "1805",
doi = "10.11646/zootaxa.1805.1.3"
}

Caldara, R., Desancić, M., Gassmann, A., Legarreta, L., Emerson, B. C.,& Toševski, I.. (2008). On the identity of Rhinusa hispida (Brulle) and its current synonyms (Coleoptera : Curculionidae). in Zootaxa
Magnolia Press, Auckland.(1805), 61-68.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1805.1.3

Caldara R, Desancić M, Gassmann A, Legarreta L, Emerson BC, Toševski I. On the identity of Rhinusa hispida (Brulle) and its current synonyms (Coleoptera : Curculionidae). in Zootaxa. 2008;(1805):61-68.
doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1805.1.3 .

Caldara, Roberto, Desancić, Milana, Gassmann, Andre, Legarreta, Lorenza, Emerson, Brent C., Toševski, Ivo, "On the identity of Rhinusa hispida (Brulle) and its current synonyms (Coleoptera : Curculionidae)" in Zootaxa, no. 1805 (2008):61-68,
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1805.1.3 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gassmann, Andre
AU  - Toševski, Ivo
AU  - Skinner, Luke
PY  - 2008
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/73
AB  - The buckthorn species, Rhamnus cathartica and Frangula alnus, are shrubs and small trees of Eurasian origin that have become invasive in North America. A program was initiated in 2001 to reassess the potential for biological control of these two species taking into consideration increasing concerns over potential non-target impacts of biological control agents. The key question was whether R. cathartica and F alnus are distantly enough related that they would not share the same arthropod complex in Europe, and, if so, which arthropod species Would be less likely to use native North American buckthorns as hosts. Some 1000 insect samples collected at 99 sites in Europe indicated that the arthropod -species richness is higher on R. cathartica than on F. alnus and includes more species that are presumed to be host-specific at the species or genus level. This discrepancy supports the hypothesis that the genus Rhamnus in the temperate Old World has evolved in isolation of the genus Frangula in the Neotropics and that taxonomic isolation has an effect on species richness of specialized herbivores. The fauna was dominated by Lepidoptera (22 species), followed by Hemiptera (8 species), Diptera (4 species), Acarina (4 species) and Coleoptera (I species). At least 12 arthropod species were found exclusively on Rhamnus, some of which may be specific to R. cathartica. Several species usually associated with Rhamnus were found rarely on F alnus but the field host range of these species still needs to be confirmed. Only one species was found exclusively on F. alnus. The findings indicate that, with one exception, there are no species or genus-specific agents available for biological control of F alnus at this stage. However, additional field surveys may reveal other host-specific species. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
PB  - Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, San Diego
T2  - Biological Control
T1  - Use of native range surveys to determine the potential host range of arthropod herbivores for biological control of two related weed species, Rhamnus cathartica and Frangula alnus
EP  - 20
IS  - 1
SP  - 11
VL  - 45
DO  - 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.12.004
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Gassmann, Andre and Toševski, Ivo and Skinner, Luke",
year = "2008",
abstract = "The buckthorn species, Rhamnus cathartica and Frangula alnus, are shrubs and small trees of Eurasian origin that have become invasive in North America. A program was initiated in 2001 to reassess the potential for biological control of these two species taking into consideration increasing concerns over potential non-target impacts of biological control agents. The key question was whether R. cathartica and F alnus are distantly enough related that they would not share the same arthropod complex in Europe, and, if so, which arthropod species Would be less likely to use native North American buckthorns as hosts. Some 1000 insect samples collected at 99 sites in Europe indicated that the arthropod -species richness is higher on R. cathartica than on F. alnus and includes more species that are presumed to be host-specific at the species or genus level. This discrepancy supports the hypothesis that the genus Rhamnus in the temperate Old World has evolved in isolation of the genus Frangula in the Neotropics and that taxonomic isolation has an effect on species richness of specialized herbivores. The fauna was dominated by Lepidoptera (22 species), followed by Hemiptera (8 species), Diptera (4 species), Acarina (4 species) and Coleoptera (I species). At least 12 arthropod species were found exclusively on Rhamnus, some of which may be specific to R. cathartica. Several species usually associated with Rhamnus were found rarely on F alnus but the field host range of these species still needs to be confirmed. Only one species was found exclusively on F. alnus. The findings indicate that, with one exception, there are no species or genus-specific agents available for biological control of F alnus at this stage. However, additional field surveys may reveal other host-specific species. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",
publisher = "Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, San Diego",
journal = "Biological Control",
title = "Use of native range surveys to determine the potential host range of arthropod herbivores for biological control of two related weed species, Rhamnus cathartica and Frangula alnus",
pages = "20-11",
number = "1",
volume = "45",
doi = "10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.12.004"
}

Gassmann, A., Toševski, I.,& Skinner, L.. (2008). Use of native range surveys to determine the potential host range of arthropod herbivores for biological control of two related weed species, Rhamnus cathartica and Frangula alnus. in Biological Control
Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, San Diego., 45(1), 11-20.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.12.004

Gassmann A, Toševski I, Skinner L. Use of native range surveys to determine the potential host range of arthropod herbivores for biological control of two related weed species, Rhamnus cathartica and Frangula alnus. in Biological Control. 2008;45(1):11-20.
doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.12.004 .

Gassmann, Andre, Toševski, Ivo, Skinner, Luke, "Use of native range surveys to determine the potential host range of arthropod herbivores for biological control of two related weed species, Rhamnus cathartica and Frangula alnus" in Biological Control, 45, no. 1 (2008):11-20,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.12.004 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rančić, Dragana
AU  - Stevanović, B
AU  - Petanović, Radmila
AU  - Magud, B
AU  - Toševski, Ivo
AU  - Gassmann, Andre
PY  - 2006
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/42
AB  - Anatomical injury of the leaves of the invasive species, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., caused by the eriophyid mite Aceria anthocoptes (Nal.), which is the only eriophyid mite that has been recorded on C. arvense worldwide, is described. The injury induced by the mite feeding on the leaves of C. arvense results in visible russeting and bronzing of the leaves. Other conspicuous deformations are folding and distortion of the leaf blade and curling of leaf edge, as well as gradual drying of leaves. The anatomical injury of the mature leaves of field-collected plants was limited to the epidermis of the lower leaf surface. However, on young leaves of experimentally infested plants, rust mite injuries extend to epidermal cells on both leaf surfaces and to those of deeper mesophyll layers. On these leaves, lesions on the lower leaf surface even affected the phloem of the vascular bundles. Leaf damage induced by A. anthocoptes is discussed with regard to the mite's potential as a biological control agent of C. arvense.
PB  - Springer, Dordrecht
T2  - Experimental and Applied Acarology
T1  - Anatomical Injury Induced by the Eriophyid Mite Aceria anthocoptes on the Leaves of Cirsium arvense
EP  - 253
IS  - 4
SP  - 243
VL  - 38
DO  - 10.1007/s10493-006-0013-3
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Rančić, Dragana and Stevanović, B and Petanović, Radmila and Magud, B and Toševski, Ivo and Gassmann, Andre",
year = "2006",
abstract = "Anatomical injury of the leaves of the invasive species, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., caused by the eriophyid mite Aceria anthocoptes (Nal.), which is the only eriophyid mite that has been recorded on C. arvense worldwide, is described. The injury induced by the mite feeding on the leaves of C. arvense results in visible russeting and bronzing of the leaves. Other conspicuous deformations are folding and distortion of the leaf blade and curling of leaf edge, as well as gradual drying of leaves. The anatomical injury of the mature leaves of field-collected plants was limited to the epidermis of the lower leaf surface. However, on young leaves of experimentally infested plants, rust mite injuries extend to epidermal cells on both leaf surfaces and to those of deeper mesophyll layers. On these leaves, lesions on the lower leaf surface even affected the phloem of the vascular bundles. Leaf damage induced by A. anthocoptes is discussed with regard to the mite's potential as a biological control agent of C. arvense.",
publisher = "Springer, Dordrecht",
journal = "Experimental and Applied Acarology",
title = "Anatomical Injury Induced by the Eriophyid Mite Aceria anthocoptes on the Leaves of Cirsium arvense",
pages = "253-243",
number = "4",
volume = "38",
doi = "10.1007/s10493-006-0013-3"
}

Rančić, D., Stevanović, B., Petanović, R., Magud, B., Toševski, I.,& Gassmann, A.. (2006). Anatomical Injury Induced by the Eriophyid Mite Aceria anthocoptes on the Leaves of Cirsium arvense. in Experimental and Applied Acarology
Springer, Dordrecht., 38(4), 243-253.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-006-0013-3

Rančić D, Stevanović B, Petanović R, Magud B, Toševski I, Gassmann A. Anatomical Injury Induced by the Eriophyid Mite Aceria anthocoptes on the Leaves of Cirsium arvense. in Experimental and Applied Acarology. 2006;38(4):243-253.
doi:10.1007/s10493-006-0013-3 .

Rančić, Dragana, Stevanović, B, Petanović, Radmila, Magud, B, Toševski, Ivo, Gassmann, Andre, "Anatomical Injury Induced by the Eriophyid Mite Aceria anthocoptes on the Leaves of Cirsium arvense" in Experimental and Applied Acarology, 38, no. 4 (2006):243-253,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-006-0013-3 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Toševski, Ivo
AU  - Gassmann, Andre
AU  - Schroeder, D.
PY  - 1996
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4
AB  - The description of the ten Chamaesphecia species associated with Euphorbia in eastern and south-eastern Europe is based on external adult morphology, male and female genitalia, and the structure of the egg chorion. These species can be divided into two groups according to the shape of the setae of the dorso-basal part of the valvae in the male genitalia. Most Chamaesphecia species are associated with one species of host-plant and all are closely tied to one habitat type. The host-plant and the structure of the egg chorion are fundamental characteristics for the determination of a few species, and very helpful for the others. All species bore into the main root of their host-plant and overwinter as larvae. With the exception of two species which have an annual or biennial life cycle, all species are univoltine. The larvae of three of the eight Chamaesphecia spp. investigated feed and develop in the roots of North American leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula sensu lato. Of these, the best candidate for the biological control of leafy spurge is C. crassicornis, because the larvae have a similar survival rate on the target weed and the European host-plant, E. virgata.
PB  - Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge
T2  - Bulletin of Entomological Research
T1  - Description of European Chamaesphecia spp. (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) feeding on Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae), and their potential for biological control of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) in North America
EP  - 714
IS  - 6
SP  - 703
VL  - 86
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Toševski, Ivo and Gassmann, Andre and Schroeder, D.",
year = "1996",
abstract = "The description of the ten Chamaesphecia species associated with Euphorbia in eastern and south-eastern Europe is based on external adult morphology, male and female genitalia, and the structure of the egg chorion. These species can be divided into two groups according to the shape of the setae of the dorso-basal part of the valvae in the male genitalia. Most Chamaesphecia species are associated with one species of host-plant and all are closely tied to one habitat type. The host-plant and the structure of the egg chorion are fundamental characteristics for the determination of a few species, and very helpful for the others. All species bore into the main root of their host-plant and overwinter as larvae. With the exception of two species which have an annual or biennial life cycle, all species are univoltine. The larvae of three of the eight Chamaesphecia spp. investigated feed and develop in the roots of North American leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula sensu lato. Of these, the best candidate for the biological control of leafy spurge is C. crassicornis, because the larvae have a similar survival rate on the target weed and the European host-plant, E. virgata.",
publisher = "Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge",
journal = "Bulletin of Entomological Research",
title = "Description of European Chamaesphecia spp. (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) feeding on Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae), and their potential for biological control of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) in North America",
pages = "714-703",
number = "6",
volume = "86"
}

Toševski, I., Gassmann, A.,& Schroeder, D.. (1996). Description of European Chamaesphecia spp. (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) feeding on Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae), and their potential for biological control of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) in North America. in Bulletin of Entomological Research
Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge., 86(6), 703-714.

Toševski I, Gassmann A, Schroeder D. Description of European Chamaesphecia spp. (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) feeding on Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae), and their potential for biological control of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) in North America. in Bulletin of Entomological Research. 1996;86(6):703-714..

Toševski, Ivo, Gassmann, Andre, Schroeder, D., "Description of European Chamaesphecia spp. (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) feeding on Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae), and their potential for biological control of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) in North America" in Bulletin of Entomological Research, 86, no. 6 (1996):703-714.

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Toševski, Ivo
AU  - Gassmann, Andre
AU  - Schroeder, D
PY  - 1996
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5
AB  - The description of the ten Chamaesphecia species associated with Euphorbia in eastern and south-eastern Europe is based on external adult morphology, male and female genitalia, and the structure of the egg chorion. These species can be divided into two groups according to the shape of the setae of the dorso-basal part of the valvae in the male genitalia. Most Chamaesphecia species are associated with one species of host-plant and all are closely tied to one habitat type. The host-plant and the structure of the egg chorion are fundamental characteristics for the determination of a few species, and very helpful for the others. All species bore into the main root of their host-plant and overwinter as larvae. With the exception of two species which have an annual or biennial life cycle, all species are univoltine. The larvae of three of the eight Chamaesphecia spp. investigated feed and develop in the roots of North American leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula sensu late. Of these, the best candidate for the biological control of leafy spurge is C. crassicornis, because the larvae have a similar survival rate on the target weed and the European host-plant, E. virgata.
PB  - Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge
T2  - Bulletin of Entomological Research
T1  - Description of European Chamaesphecia spp (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) feeding Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae), and their potential for biological control of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) in north America
EP  - 714
IS  - 6
SP  - 703
VL  - 86
DO  - 10.1017/S0007485300039225
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Toševski, Ivo and Gassmann, Andre and Schroeder, D",
year = "1996",
abstract = "The description of the ten Chamaesphecia species associated with Euphorbia in eastern and south-eastern Europe is based on external adult morphology, male and female genitalia, and the structure of the egg chorion. These species can be divided into two groups according to the shape of the setae of the dorso-basal part of the valvae in the male genitalia. Most Chamaesphecia species are associated with one species of host-plant and all are closely tied to one habitat type. The host-plant and the structure of the egg chorion are fundamental characteristics for the determination of a few species, and very helpful for the others. All species bore into the main root of their host-plant and overwinter as larvae. With the exception of two species which have an annual or biennial life cycle, all species are univoltine. The larvae of three of the eight Chamaesphecia spp. investigated feed and develop in the roots of North American leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula sensu late. Of these, the best candidate for the biological control of leafy spurge is C. crassicornis, because the larvae have a similar survival rate on the target weed and the European host-plant, E. virgata.",
publisher = "Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge",
journal = "Bulletin of Entomological Research",
title = "Description of European Chamaesphecia spp (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) feeding Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae), and their potential for biological control of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) in north America",
pages = "714-703",
number = "6",
volume = "86",
doi = "10.1017/S0007485300039225"
}

Toševski, I., Gassmann, A.,& Schroeder, D.. (1996). Description of European Chamaesphecia spp (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) feeding Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae), and their potential for biological control of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) in north America. in Bulletin of Entomological Research
Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge., 86(6), 703-714.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300039225

Toševski I, Gassmann A, Schroeder D. Description of European Chamaesphecia spp (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) feeding Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae), and their potential for biological control of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) in north America. in Bulletin of Entomological Research. 1996;86(6):703-714.
doi:10.1017/S0007485300039225 .

Toševski, Ivo, Gassmann, Andre, Schroeder, D, "Description of European Chamaesphecia spp (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) feeding Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae), and their potential for biological control of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) in north America" in Bulletin of Entomological Research, 86, no. 6 (1996):703-714,
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300039225 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gassmann, Andre
AU  - Toševski, Ivo
PY  - 1994
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3
AB  - Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula (s.1.)) is an herbaceous perennial and serious weed of Eurasian origin that has been accidentally introduced into North America. The two European root-boring moths Chamaesphecia hungarica and Ch. astatiformis are univoltine and overwinter as mature larvae. Both species have a lower survival rate on leafy spurge than on their field hosts, and thus are not optimal candidates for the biological control of leafy spurge. However, the rate of larval development and larval growth on the target weed and on the two field hosts is nearly the same. The experimental host range of both species is restricted to a few species in the subgenus Esula within the genus Euphorbia. The two species occupy different habitats in the steppe biome and are targeted for similar leafy spurge habitats in North America.
PB  - Lavoisier
T2  - Entomophaga
T1  - Biology and host specificity of Chamaesphecia hungarica and Ch. Astatiformis (Lep.: Sesiidae) two candidates for the biological control of leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula (Euphorbiaceae) in North America
EP  - 245
IS  - 2
SP  - 237
VL  - 39
DO  - 10.1007/BF02372361
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Gassmann, Andre and Toševski, Ivo",
year = "1994",
abstract = "Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula (s.1.)) is an herbaceous perennial and serious weed of Eurasian origin that has been accidentally introduced into North America. The two European root-boring moths Chamaesphecia hungarica and Ch. astatiformis are univoltine and overwinter as mature larvae. Both species have a lower survival rate on leafy spurge than on their field hosts, and thus are not optimal candidates for the biological control of leafy spurge. However, the rate of larval development and larval growth on the target weed and on the two field hosts is nearly the same. The experimental host range of both species is restricted to a few species in the subgenus Esula within the genus Euphorbia. The two species occupy different habitats in the steppe biome and are targeted for similar leafy spurge habitats in North America.",
publisher = "Lavoisier",
journal = "Entomophaga",
title = "Biology and host specificity of Chamaesphecia hungarica and Ch. Astatiformis (Lep.: Sesiidae) two candidates for the biological control of leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula (Euphorbiaceae) in North America",
pages = "245-237",
number = "2",
volume = "39",
doi = "10.1007/BF02372361"
}

Gassmann, A.,& Toševski, I.. (1994). Biology and host specificity of Chamaesphecia hungarica and Ch. Astatiformis (Lep.: Sesiidae) two candidates for the biological control of leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula (Euphorbiaceae) in North America. in Entomophaga
Lavoisier., 39(2), 237-245.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02372361

Gassmann A, Toševski I. Biology and host specificity of Chamaesphecia hungarica and Ch. Astatiformis (Lep.: Sesiidae) two candidates for the biological control of leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula (Euphorbiaceae) in North America. in Entomophaga. 1994;39(2):237-245.
doi:10.1007/BF02372361 .

Gassmann, Andre, Toševski, Ivo, "Biology and host specificity of Chamaesphecia hungarica and Ch. Astatiformis (Lep.: Sesiidae) two candidates for the biological control of leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula (Euphorbiaceae) in North America" in Entomophaga, 39, no. 2 (1994):237-245,
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02372361 . .