TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stanisavljević, Rade
AU  - Poštić, Dobrivoj
AU  - Štrbanović, Ratibor
AU  - Oro, Violeta
AU  - Milenković, Jasmina
AU  - Tabaković, Marijenka
AU  - Đokić, Dragoslav
PY  - 2024
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1260
AB  - This study presents the findings from assessing the quality of alfalfa seeds collected from three Serbian regions: in each region,
batches of seeds from six places were analyzed. The following criteria were investigated: the proportion of dormant seeds, the
germinated seed content, the proportion of dead seeds, and the percentage of aberrant seedlings. Seed quality was assessed af ter six,
eighteen, thirty, and forty-two months of storage. The highest seed quality was obtained after thirty and eighteen months of seed
storage (91% and 89% of germination, respectively). During the 42-month storage period, the percentage of dead seeds (8%) and
abnormal seedlings (7%) increased, while germination declined to 84%. In a storage period of six months, the participation of
dormant seeds of 21% affected the germination rate, which was 77%, regardless of the low proportion of dead seeds (1%) and
abnormal seedlings (2%).
AB  - U оvом istraživanju su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja kvaliteta semena lucerke kolekcionisane iz tri regiona Srbije: u svakom
regionu su ispitivane partije semena sa šest lokaliteta. Ispitivani su sledeći parametri: udeo semena; dormantnog, klijalih, mrtvog% i
udeo nenormalnih klijanaca (%). Analiza kvaliteta semena je rađena nakon čuvanja šest, osamnaest, trideset, i četrdeset dva meseca.
Najbolji kvalitet semena je ostvaren nakon trideset (klijavost 91%) i osamnaest meseci čuvanja semena (klijavost 89%). U periodu
čuvanja od 42 meseca povećalo se učešće mrtvog semena (8%) i nenormalnih klijanaca (7%), a klijavost je opala na 84%. U perodu
čuvanja od šest meseci učešće dormantnog semena od 21% je uticalo na klijavost koja je bila 77%, bez obzira na nizak udeo mrtvog
semena (1%) i nenormalnih klijanaca (2%).
PB  - National Society of Processing and Energy in Agriculture, Novi Sad , Serbia
T2  - Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture
T1  - QUALITY OF ALFALFA SEEDS FROM DIFFERENT REGIONS OF SERBIA DURING STORAGE UP TO 42 MONTHS
T1  - KVALITET SEMENA LUCERKE IZ RAZLIČITIH REGIONA SRBIJE U PERIODU ČUVANJA DO 42 MESECA
EP  - 42
IS  - 1
SP  - 38
VL  - 28
DO  - 0.5937/jpea28-4946
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Stanisavljević, Rade and Poštić, Dobrivoj and Štrbanović, Ratibor and Oro, Violeta and Milenković, Jasmina and Tabaković, Marijenka and Đokić, Dragoslav",
year = "2024",
abstract = "This study presents the findings from assessing the quality of alfalfa seeds collected from three Serbian regions: in each region,
batches of seeds from six places were analyzed. The following criteria were investigated: the proportion of dormant seeds, the
germinated seed content, the proportion of dead seeds, and the percentage of aberrant seedlings. Seed quality was assessed af ter six,
eighteen, thirty, and forty-two months of storage. The highest seed quality was obtained after thirty and eighteen months of seed
storage (91% and 89% of germination, respectively). During the 42-month storage period, the percentage of dead seeds (8%) and
abnormal seedlings (7%) increased, while germination declined to 84%. In a storage period of six months, the participation of
dormant seeds of 21% affected the germination rate, which was 77%, regardless of the low proportion of dead seeds (1%) and
abnormal seedlings (2%)., U оvом istraživanju su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja kvaliteta semena lucerke kolekcionisane iz tri regiona Srbije: u svakom
regionu su ispitivane partije semena sa šest lokaliteta. Ispitivani su sledeći parametri: udeo semena; dormantnog, klijalih, mrtvog% i
udeo nenormalnih klijanaca (%). Analiza kvaliteta semena je rađena nakon čuvanja šest, osamnaest, trideset, i četrdeset dva meseca.
Najbolji kvalitet semena je ostvaren nakon trideset (klijavost 91%) i osamnaest meseci čuvanja semena (klijavost 89%). U periodu
čuvanja od 42 meseca povećalo se učešće mrtvog semena (8%) i nenormalnih klijanaca (7%), a klijavost je opala na 84%. U perodu
čuvanja od šest meseci učešće dormantnog semena od 21% je uticalo na klijavost koja je bila 77%, bez obzira na nizak udeo mrtvog
semena (1%) i nenormalnih klijanaca (2%).",
publisher = "National Society of Processing and Energy in Agriculture, Novi Sad , Serbia",
journal = "Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture",
title = "QUALITY OF ALFALFA SEEDS FROM DIFFERENT REGIONS OF SERBIA DURING STORAGE UP TO 42 MONTHS, KVALITET SEMENA LUCERKE IZ RAZLIČITIH REGIONA SRBIJE U PERIODU ČUVANJA DO 42 MESECA",
pages = "42-38",
number = "1",
volume = "28",
doi = "0.5937/jpea28-4946"
}

Stanisavljević, R., Poštić, D., Štrbanović, R., Oro, V., Milenković, J., Tabaković, M.,& Đokić, D.. (2024). QUALITY OF ALFALFA SEEDS FROM DIFFERENT REGIONS OF SERBIA DURING STORAGE UP TO 42 MONTHS. in Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture
National Society of Processing and Energy in Agriculture, Novi Sad , Serbia., 28(1), 38-42.
https://doi.org/0.5937/jpea28-4946

Stanisavljević R, Poštić D, Štrbanović R, Oro V, Milenković J, Tabaković M, Đokić D. QUALITY OF ALFALFA SEEDS FROM DIFFERENT REGIONS OF SERBIA DURING STORAGE UP TO 42 MONTHS. in Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture. 2024;28(1):38-42.
doi:0.5937/jpea28-4946 .

Stanisavljević, Rade, Poštić, Dobrivoj, Štrbanović, Ratibor, Oro, Violeta, Milenković, Jasmina, Tabaković, Marijenka, Đokić, Dragoslav, "QUALITY OF ALFALFA SEEDS FROM DIFFERENT REGIONS OF SERBIA DURING STORAGE UP TO 42 MONTHS" in Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture, 28, no. 1 (2024):38-42,
https://doi.org/0.5937/jpea28-4946 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Oro, Violeta
AU  - Pisinov, Boris
AU  - Tabaković, Marijenka
AU  - Sekulić, Zoran
AU  - Trkulja, Nenad
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1259
AB  - In the past decades, great attention was devoted to extremophilic microorganisms. Extremophiles 
survive in extreme conditions, such as extreme temperatures, high saline, acidic, and alkaline 
solutions or environments with increased heavy metal content (1). Heavy metals are the most 
persistent and complex kind of pollutants to remediate  in  nature.  Metals,  unlike  most  organic 
 compounds,  do  not  undergo  metabolic  degradation  and accumulate in living tissues. Among 
heavy metals and metalloids, Zn, Ni, Co, and Cu are more toxic to plants, whereas As, Cd, Pb, Cr, 
and Hg are more toxic to higher animals (2). They not only degrade the quality of the atmosphere, 
water bodies, and food crops, but also threaten the health and well-being of animals and human 
beings. Lead toxicity affects the liver, kidneys, spleen, and lungs, causing neurotoxicity, 
especially in children. Cadmium ingested from food can damage the kidneys, liver and bones. Zinc is 
associated with anemia and tissue pathology, and arsenic accumulates mainly in the liver, kidney, 
heart, and lungs, but to a lesser extent in muscle and nerve tissue, and it is defined as a 
carcinogen (3). Most contaminants are of anthropogenic origin, but some contaminants have a natural 
pedo-geochemical origin. Tolypocladium parasiticum Barron, is a known entomo- and 
nematode-pathogenic fungus. The fungus is an endophyte of Holcus lanatus (4) and halophilic 
Salicornia europea (5). It is a member of the family Ophiocordicipitaceae, within the order 
Hypocreales, the class Sordariomycetes, and the phylum Ascomycota. Tolypocladium parasiticum was 
found in an abandoned medieval mine near the town of Kursumlija in the southern part of the 
Republic of Serbia. The fungus was isolated from soil and maintained on PDA at 27°C. Species 
identity was confirmed by molecular analyses and sequencing, using 2234C and 3126T ITS primers (6). 
The GenBank accession number OR018820 was obtained for this species. Previous research on the 
stress resistance investigated fungal cold activity, UV-B tolerance, and wet-heat tolerance (7). 
Our study reports for the first time that the fungus survives at extremely low pH (3.1), high Zn 
(204 mg/kg), Pb (74 mg/kg), Cd (0.6 mg/kg) and As (54 mg/kg) contents in soil. Our results also 
revealed that Tolypocladium parasiticum is a polyextremophile, i.e., adapted to life in habitats 
where various

extreme physicochemical properties occur.
PB  - Società Botanica Italiana Firenze (Italia)
C3  - XIX Congress of European Mycologists Perugia, September 4th-8th, 2023
T1  - Tolypocladium parasiticum Barron, a polyextremophilic fungus
SP  - 109
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Oro, Violeta and Pisinov, Boris and Tabaković, Marijenka and Sekulić, Zoran and Trkulja, Nenad",
year = "2023",
abstract = "In the past decades, great attention was devoted to extremophilic microorganisms. Extremophiles 
survive in extreme conditions, such as extreme temperatures, high saline, acidic, and alkaline 
solutions or environments with increased heavy metal content (1). Heavy metals are the most 
persistent and complex kind of pollutants to remediate  in  nature.  Metals,  unlike  most  organic 
 compounds,  do  not  undergo  metabolic  degradation  and accumulate in living tissues. Among 
heavy metals and metalloids, Zn, Ni, Co, and Cu are more toxic to plants, whereas As, Cd, Pb, Cr, 
and Hg are more toxic to higher animals (2). They not only degrade the quality of the atmosphere, 
water bodies, and food crops, but also threaten the health and well-being of animals and human 
beings. Lead toxicity affects the liver, kidneys, spleen, and lungs, causing neurotoxicity, 
especially in children. Cadmium ingested from food can damage the kidneys, liver and bones. Zinc is 
associated with anemia and tissue pathology, and arsenic accumulates mainly in the liver, kidney, 
heart, and lungs, but to a lesser extent in muscle and nerve tissue, and it is defined as a 
carcinogen (3). Most contaminants are of anthropogenic origin, but some contaminants have a natural 
pedo-geochemical origin. Tolypocladium parasiticum Barron, is a known entomo- and 
nematode-pathogenic fungus. The fungus is an endophyte of Holcus lanatus (4) and halophilic 
Salicornia europea (5). It is a member of the family Ophiocordicipitaceae, within the order 
Hypocreales, the class Sordariomycetes, and the phylum Ascomycota. Tolypocladium parasiticum was 
found in an abandoned medieval mine near the town of Kursumlija in the southern part of the 
Republic of Serbia. The fungus was isolated from soil and maintained on PDA at 27°C. Species 
identity was confirmed by molecular analyses and sequencing, using 2234C and 3126T ITS primers (6). 
The GenBank accession number OR018820 was obtained for this species. Previous research on the 
stress resistance investigated fungal cold activity, UV-B tolerance, and wet-heat tolerance (7). 
Our study reports for the first time that the fungus survives at extremely low pH (3.1), high Zn 
(204 mg/kg), Pb (74 mg/kg), Cd (0.6 mg/kg) and As (54 mg/kg) contents in soil. Our results also 
revealed that Tolypocladium parasiticum is a polyextremophile, i.e., adapted to life in habitats 
where various

extreme physicochemical properties occur.",
publisher = "Società Botanica Italiana Firenze (Italia)",
journal = "XIX Congress of European Mycologists Perugia, September 4th-8th, 2023",
title = "Tolypocladium parasiticum Barron, a polyextremophilic fungus",
pages = "109"
}

Oro, V., Pisinov, B., Tabaković, M., Sekulić, Z.,& Trkulja, N.. (2023). Tolypocladium parasiticum Barron, a polyextremophilic fungus. in XIX Congress of European Mycologists Perugia, September 4th-8th, 2023
Società Botanica Italiana Firenze (Italia)., 109.

Oro V, Pisinov B, Tabaković M, Sekulić Z, Trkulja N. Tolypocladium parasiticum Barron, a polyextremophilic fungus. in XIX Congress of European Mycologists Perugia, September 4th-8th, 2023. 2023;:109..

Oro, Violeta, Pisinov, Boris, Tabaković, Marijenka, Sekulić, Zoran, Trkulja, Nenad, "Tolypocladium parasiticum Barron, a polyextremophilic fungus" in XIX Congress of European Mycologists Perugia, September 4th-8th, 2023 (2023):109.

TY  - CONF
AU  - Nikolić, Bogdan
AU  - Waisi, Hadi
AU  - Dragičević, Vesna
AU  - Đurović, Sanja
AU  - Oro, Violeta
AU  - Jovanović, Vladan
AU  - Dugalić, Miloš
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://agrosym.ues.rs.ba/article/showpdf/BOOK_OF_PROCEEDINGS_2022.pdf
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1250
AB  - The work presents main findings from investigations of our and other different researcher carried out on different cultivars using chitosan, its derivatives, nanoparticles and other antritranspirant compounds (like Di-1-p-menthene). The work demonstrates that this chitosan (and other antitranspirants) is highly effective against the most dangerous diseases and pathogens in different cultures. Also, natural origin of chitosan (and also, other antitranspirants) makes it suitable for use in organic agriculture. Furthermore, it also contributes to improving yield and different plant physiological and growth parameters. Additionally, it induces excellent resistance to some abiotic stresses (drought, salt, and low temperature) and reduces their negative impact on different cultivars.
PB  - East Sarajevo : Faculty of Agriculture
C3  - Proceedings of the XIII International Scientific Agricultural Symposium “Agrosym 2022” Jahorina, Oktobar 6-9 2022
T1  - CHITOSAN AND OTHER ANTITRANSPIRANTS – THEIR INFLUENCE ON ASPECTS OF ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL PLANT PRODUCTION
EP  - 815
SP  - 811
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Nikolić, Bogdan and Waisi, Hadi and Dragičević, Vesna and Đurović, Sanja and Oro, Violeta and Jovanović, Vladan and Dugalić, Miloš",
year = "2022",
abstract = "The work presents main findings from investigations of our and other different researcher carried out on different cultivars using chitosan, its derivatives, nanoparticles and other antritranspirant compounds (like Di-1-p-menthene). The work demonstrates that this chitosan (and other antitranspirants) is highly effective against the most dangerous diseases and pathogens in different cultures. Also, natural origin of chitosan (and also, other antitranspirants) makes it suitable for use in organic agriculture. Furthermore, it also contributes to improving yield and different plant physiological and growth parameters. Additionally, it induces excellent resistance to some abiotic stresses (drought, salt, and low temperature) and reduces their negative impact on different cultivars.",
publisher = "East Sarajevo : Faculty of Agriculture",
journal = "Proceedings of the XIII International Scientific Agricultural Symposium “Agrosym 2022” Jahorina, Oktobar 6-9 2022",
title = "CHITOSAN AND OTHER ANTITRANSPIRANTS – THEIR INFLUENCE ON ASPECTS OF ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL PLANT PRODUCTION",
pages = "815-811"
}

Nikolić, B., Waisi, H., Dragičević, V., Đurović, S., Oro, V., Jovanović, V.,& Dugalić, M.. (2022). CHITOSAN AND OTHER ANTITRANSPIRANTS – THEIR INFLUENCE ON ASPECTS OF ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL PLANT PRODUCTION. in Proceedings of the XIII International Scientific Agricultural Symposium “Agrosym 2022” Jahorina, Oktobar 6-9 2022
East Sarajevo : Faculty of Agriculture., 811-815.

Nikolić B, Waisi H, Dragičević V, Đurović S, Oro V, Jovanović V, Dugalić M. CHITOSAN AND OTHER ANTITRANSPIRANTS – THEIR INFLUENCE ON ASPECTS OF ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL PLANT PRODUCTION. in Proceedings of the XIII International Scientific Agricultural Symposium “Agrosym 2022” Jahorina, Oktobar 6-9 2022. 2022;:811-815..

Nikolić, Bogdan, Waisi, Hadi, Dragičević, Vesna, Đurović, Sanja, Oro, Violeta, Jovanović, Vladan, Dugalić, Miloš, "CHITOSAN AND OTHER ANTITRANSPIRANTS – THEIR INFLUENCE ON ASPECTS OF ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL PLANT PRODUCTION" in Proceedings of the XIII International Scientific Agricultural Symposium “Agrosym 2022” Jahorina, Oktobar 6-9 2022 (2022):811-815.

TY  - CONF
AU  - Tabaković, Marijenka
AU  - Stanisavljević, Rade
AU  - Poštić, Dobrivoj
AU  - Štrbanović, Ratibor
AU  - Oro, Violeta
AU  - Šenk, Milena
AU  - Rakić, Sveto
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/797
AB  - The aim of this study was to observe effects of the sowing date on the relationships among
morphological properties of maize ears. The trial was set up in Zemun Polje in 2019 and
encompassed five sowing dates with the initial one on April 1, and then on every 10 days until
May 10 (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5). Three inbred lines (L1, L2, L3) were used as a material. During
sowing, seeds were classified according to their size into small (6.5-8.4 mm), large (8.5-11 mm)
and the primary seed fraction (6.5-11 mm). The parameters for the following morphological ear
traits were determined under laboratory conditions: ear weight, ear length, ear thickness, cob
weight and the grain yield. Obtained results indicated the significant contribution of all factors in
expression of observed traits, as well as the significance of the interactions. The inbred L1 was
the most stable genotype for the ear weight and the cob weight. The ear length and the ear
thickness varied the least in all genotypes. The initial sowing dates (S1 and S2) were the most
important for the ear weight. The third sowing date was the most important for the ear length
(19.81cm) and the ear thickness (5.94cm). The highest cob weight was recorded in plants sown on the fifth sowing date (S5). The LSD tests showed that the differences in the morphological traits of ears of different sowing dates were significant between S5 and the remaining four
sowing dates (p<0.05). Various fractions used in sowing affected all traits.
PB  - Univerisity of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture
C3  - XII International agriculture symposium "AGROSYM 2021, Jahorina. 7-10. October - Book of Proceeding 238-243
T1  - Effect of the sowing date on the relationship of morphological properties of maize ears
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Tabaković, Marijenka and Stanisavljević, Rade and Poštić, Dobrivoj and Štrbanović, Ratibor and Oro, Violeta and Šenk, Milena and Rakić, Sveto",
year = "2021",
abstract = "The aim of this study was to observe effects of the sowing date on the relationships among
morphological properties of maize ears. The trial was set up in Zemun Polje in 2019 and
encompassed five sowing dates with the initial one on April 1, and then on every 10 days until
May 10 (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5). Three inbred lines (L1, L2, L3) were used as a material. During
sowing, seeds were classified according to their size into small (6.5-8.4 mm), large (8.5-11 mm)
and the primary seed fraction (6.5-11 mm). The parameters for the following morphological ear
traits were determined under laboratory conditions: ear weight, ear length, ear thickness, cob
weight and the grain yield. Obtained results indicated the significant contribution of all factors in
expression of observed traits, as well as the significance of the interactions. The inbred L1 was
the most stable genotype for the ear weight and the cob weight. The ear length and the ear
thickness varied the least in all genotypes. The initial sowing dates (S1 and S2) were the most
important for the ear weight. The third sowing date was the most important for the ear length
(19.81cm) and the ear thickness (5.94cm). The highest cob weight was recorded in plants sown on the fifth sowing date (S5). The LSD tests showed that the differences in the morphological traits of ears of different sowing dates were significant between S5 and the remaining four
sowing dates (p<0.05). Various fractions used in sowing affected all traits.",
publisher = "Univerisity of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture",
journal = "XII International agriculture symposium "AGROSYM 2021, Jahorina. 7-10. October - Book of Proceeding 238-243",
title = "Effect of the sowing date on the relationship of morphological properties of maize ears"
}

Tabaković, M., Stanisavljević, R., Poštić, D., Štrbanović, R., Oro, V., Šenk, M.,& Rakić, S.. (2021). Effect of the sowing date on the relationship of morphological properties of maize ears. in XII International agriculture symposium "AGROSYM 2021, Jahorina. 7-10. October - Book of Proceeding 238-243
Univerisity of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture..

Tabaković M, Stanisavljević R, Poštić D, Štrbanović R, Oro V, Šenk M, Rakić S. Effect of the sowing date on the relationship of morphological properties of maize ears. in XII International agriculture symposium "AGROSYM 2021, Jahorina. 7-10. October - Book of Proceeding 238-243. 2021;..

Tabaković, Marijenka, Stanisavljević, Rade, Poštić, Dobrivoj, Štrbanović, Ratibor, Oro, Violeta, Šenk, Milena, Rakić, Sveto, "Effect of the sowing date on the relationship of morphological properties of maize ears" in XII International agriculture symposium "AGROSYM 2021, Jahorina. 7-10. October - Book of Proceeding 238-243 (2021).

TY  - GEN
AU  - Oro, Violeta
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1257
AB  - The invention of a microscope was an immense step forward for science making visible objects undetectable to the naked eye. A microscope at that time, could view objects in micrometers. Nowadays, an electron microscope with its powerful magnification and resolution allows observation of organisms or their parts in nanometer scale.This is particularly important for small organisms such as nematodes. The nematodes are generally microscopic invertebrates that inhabit terrestrial and aquatic areas and can be found as parasites on or inside other organisms. The electron microscope enables research on such tiny organisms and their parasites that are even more difficult to observe. While the transmission electron microscope (TEM) demands small and thin cross sections of samples, cut with microtome, in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) samples should be conductive enough enabling the electron beam to scan the surface. A group of nematodes known as cyst nematodes are important plant parasites causing economic loss of millions of dollars annually. The potato cyst nematodes (PCN): Globodera pallida (Stone) Behrens and G. rostochiensis (Wollenweber) Behrens are recognized quarantine organisms worldwide. Both the external and internal side of a cyst may contain bacterial and fungal antagonists as part of cyst microbiota that can cause cyst death and decline of population. Such antagonists can be used as biocontrol agents against harmful organisms. This research demonstrates the application of scanning electron microscopy in the studies of potato cyst nematodes, enabling insights into their microbiota. Results indicate that the microbiota of PCN consist of a great variety of organisms such as bacteria, actinobacteria, fungi, etc. The isolated bacteria belong to the following genera: Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Arthrobacter, Devosia, Psichrobacillus etc. The antagonistic fungal genera were as follows: Fusarium, Oxyporus, Botrytis, Aspergillus, and Geotrichum. Unexpectedly, the SEM revealed a presence of an organism not detected by the optical microscope. The organism can be a predator of eggs or juveniles within the cyst, suggesting that the list of possible biocontrol agents should be extended with microscopic invertebrates that are often overlooked by standard techniques.
PB  - Gebze Technical University, Turkey
T2  - 7th International Congress on Microscopy & Spectroscopy October 14-20, 2020
T1  - Application of Scanning Electron Microscopy Reveals the Nematode Microbiota
ER  - 

@misc{
author = "Oro, Violeta",
year = "2020",
abstract = "The invention of a microscope was an immense step forward for science making visible objects undetectable to the naked eye. A microscope at that time, could view objects in micrometers. Nowadays, an electron microscope with its powerful magnification and resolution allows observation of organisms or their parts in nanometer scale.This is particularly important for small organisms such as nematodes. The nematodes are generally microscopic invertebrates that inhabit terrestrial and aquatic areas and can be found as parasites on or inside other organisms. The electron microscope enables research on such tiny organisms and their parasites that are even more difficult to observe. While the transmission electron microscope (TEM) demands small and thin cross sections of samples, cut with microtome, in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) samples should be conductive enough enabling the electron beam to scan the surface. A group of nematodes known as cyst nematodes are important plant parasites causing economic loss of millions of dollars annually. The potato cyst nematodes (PCN): Globodera pallida (Stone) Behrens and G. rostochiensis (Wollenweber) Behrens are recognized quarantine organisms worldwide. Both the external and internal side of a cyst may contain bacterial and fungal antagonists as part of cyst microbiota that can cause cyst death and decline of population. Such antagonists can be used as biocontrol agents against harmful organisms. This research demonstrates the application of scanning electron microscopy in the studies of potato cyst nematodes, enabling insights into their microbiota. Results indicate that the microbiota of PCN consist of a great variety of organisms such as bacteria, actinobacteria, fungi, etc. The isolated bacteria belong to the following genera: Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Arthrobacter, Devosia, Psichrobacillus etc. The antagonistic fungal genera were as follows: Fusarium, Oxyporus, Botrytis, Aspergillus, and Geotrichum. Unexpectedly, the SEM revealed a presence of an organism not detected by the optical microscope. The organism can be a predator of eggs or juveniles within the cyst, suggesting that the list of possible biocontrol agents should be extended with microscopic invertebrates that are often overlooked by standard techniques.",
publisher = "Gebze Technical University, Turkey",
journal = "7th International Congress on Microscopy & Spectroscopy October 14-20, 2020",
title = "Application of Scanning Electron Microscopy Reveals the Nematode Microbiota"
}

Oro, V.. (2020). Application of Scanning Electron Microscopy Reveals the Nematode Microbiota. in 7th International Congress on Microscopy & Spectroscopy October 14-20, 2020
Gebze Technical University, Turkey..

Oro V. Application of Scanning Electron Microscopy Reveals the Nematode Microbiota. in 7th International Congress on Microscopy & Spectroscopy October 14-20, 2020. 2020;..

Oro, Violeta, "Application of Scanning Electron Microscopy Reveals the Nematode Microbiota" in 7th International Congress on Microscopy & Spectroscopy October 14-20, 2020 (2020).