TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gassmann, Andre
AU  - Toševski, Ivo
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/356
AB  - Rhamnus cathartica (common buckthorn) is a shrub (or small tree) of Eurasian origin, which has become invasive in North America. Internal feeders and sap suckers were prioritized for biological control from over 30 specialized insects identified from the target plant in its native European range. Five leaf-feeding moths were also considered for further investigations. Field observations and preliminary host range tests with the stem-boring beetle Oberea pedemontana, the root-boring moth Synanthedon stomoxiformis, the shoot-tip-boring moth Sorhagenia janiszewskae and the leaf-feeding moths Ancylis apicella, A.unculana, Triphosa dubitata, Philereme transversata and P.vetulata confirmed that all of these species were lacking host specificity in no-choice conditions. Choice oviposition tests carried out with most of the prioritized species to assess their ecological host range yielded unreliable results. Three psyllids, Trichochermes walkeri, Cacopsylla rhamnicolla and Trioza rhamni are promising in terms of host specificity, but are infected with the plant disease Candidatus Phytoplasma rhamni'. Fruit- or seed-feeding insects may present the best potential for biological control of buckthorn in directly reducing seed set and thus seedling establishment. However, it was not possible to obtain adult fruiting trees of native North American Rhamnus species for testing. It is concluded that there are no promising arthropod agents based on what is known to date. Pathogens could offer new opportunities for biological control of R.cathartica in North America.
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken
T2  - Journal of Applied Entomology
T1  - Biological control of Rhamnus cathartica: is it feasible? A review of work done in 2002-2012
EP  - 13
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 1
VL  - 138
DO  - 10.1111/jen.12104
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Gassmann, Andre and Toševski, Ivo",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Rhamnus cathartica (common buckthorn) is a shrub (or small tree) of Eurasian origin, which has become invasive in North America. Internal feeders and sap suckers were prioritized for biological control from over 30 specialized insects identified from the target plant in its native European range. Five leaf-feeding moths were also considered for further investigations. Field observations and preliminary host range tests with the stem-boring beetle Oberea pedemontana, the root-boring moth Synanthedon stomoxiformis, the shoot-tip-boring moth Sorhagenia janiszewskae and the leaf-feeding moths Ancylis apicella, A.unculana, Triphosa dubitata, Philereme transversata and P.vetulata confirmed that all of these species were lacking host specificity in no-choice conditions. Choice oviposition tests carried out with most of the prioritized species to assess their ecological host range yielded unreliable results. Three psyllids, Trichochermes walkeri, Cacopsylla rhamnicolla and Trioza rhamni are promising in terms of host specificity, but are infected with the plant disease Candidatus Phytoplasma rhamni'. Fruit- or seed-feeding insects may present the best potential for biological control of buckthorn in directly reducing seed set and thus seedling establishment. However, it was not possible to obtain adult fruiting trees of native North American Rhamnus species for testing. It is concluded that there are no promising arthropod agents based on what is known to date. Pathogens could offer new opportunities for biological control of R.cathartica in North America.",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken",
journal = "Journal of Applied Entomology",
title = "Biological control of Rhamnus cathartica: is it feasible? A review of work done in 2002-2012",
pages = "13-1",
number = "1-2",
volume = "138",
doi = "10.1111/jen.12104"
}

Gassmann, A.,& Toševski, I.. (2014). Biological control of Rhamnus cathartica: is it feasible? A review of work done in 2002-2012. in Journal of Applied Entomology
Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken., 138(1-2), 1-13.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jen.12104

Gassmann A, Toševski I. Biological control of Rhamnus cathartica: is it feasible? A review of work done in 2002-2012. in Journal of Applied Entomology. 2014;138(1-2):1-13.
doi:10.1111/jen.12104 .

Gassmann, Andre, Toševski, Ivo, "Biological control of Rhamnus cathartica: is it feasible? A review of work done in 2002-2012" in Journal of Applied Entomology, 138, no. 1-2 (2014):1-13,
https://doi.org/10.1111/jen.12104 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jović, Jelena
AU  - Krstić, Oliver
AU  - Toševski, Ivo
AU  - Gassmann, Andre
PY  - 2011
UR  - https://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/168
AB  - Common buckthorn, Rhamnus cathartica L., is a small tree or shrub of Eurasian origin that has become invasive in North America. A survey was conducted during 2010 to evaluate occurrence of buckthorn witches' broom (BWB) disease symptoms induced by Candidatus Phytoplasma rhamni' in the native range of R. cathartica. The distribution of phytoplasma-infected trees was identified over a large expanse of Europe, from south-west Switzerland to north-east Serbia. Although 25% of analyzed buckthorn trees were infected with phytoplasma (34 out of 133 plants), all plants were symptomless, indicating a commensal relationship between the phytoplasma and its plant host without negative effects which would lead to disease development.
PB  - Alma Mater Studiorum, Univ Bologna, Bologna
T2  - Bulletin of Insectology
T1  - The occurrence of 'Candidatus phytoplasma rhamni' in Rhamnus cathartica L. without symptoms
VL  - 64
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Jović, Jelena and Krstić, Oliver and Toševski, Ivo and Gassmann, Andre",
year = "2011",
abstract = "Common buckthorn, Rhamnus cathartica L., is a small tree or shrub of Eurasian origin that has become invasive in North America. A survey was conducted during 2010 to evaluate occurrence of buckthorn witches' broom (BWB) disease symptoms induced by Candidatus Phytoplasma rhamni' in the native range of R. cathartica. The distribution of phytoplasma-infected trees was identified over a large expanse of Europe, from south-west Switzerland to north-east Serbia. Although 25% of analyzed buckthorn trees were infected with phytoplasma (34 out of 133 plants), all plants were symptomless, indicating a commensal relationship between the phytoplasma and its plant host without negative effects which would lead to disease development.",
publisher = "Alma Mater Studiorum, Univ Bologna, Bologna",
journal = "Bulletin of Insectology",
title = "The occurrence of 'Candidatus phytoplasma rhamni' in Rhamnus cathartica L. without symptoms",
volume = "64"
}

Jović, J., Krstić, O., Toševski, I.,& Gassmann, A.. (2011). The occurrence of 'Candidatus phytoplasma rhamni' in Rhamnus cathartica L. without symptoms. in Bulletin of Insectology
Alma Mater Studiorum, Univ Bologna, Bologna., 64.

Jović J, Krstić O, Toševski I, Gassmann A. The occurrence of 'Candidatus phytoplasma rhamni' in Rhamnus cathartica L. without symptoms. in Bulletin of Insectology. 2011;64..

Jović, Jelena, Krstić, Oliver, Toševski, Ivo, Gassmann, Andre, "The occurrence of 'Candidatus phytoplasma rhamni' in Rhamnus cathartica L. without symptoms" in Bulletin of Insectology, 64 (2011).