Dynamics of moisture release from maize husks as a function of crop density

Abstract

Masa listova klipa utiče na dinamiku otpuštanja vlage zrna kukuruza, te i na prinos i vreme berbe kukuruza. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se posmatra dinamika otpuštanja vlage u listovima klipa-komušine u odnosu na primenjenu tehnologiju gustine setve. Ogled je postavljen na lokaciji Zemun Polje, sa tri hibrida (H1-ZP 4708,H2-ZP4242, H3-ZP4790), i tri gustine (G1-40.816, G2-69.689, G3-89.286). U toku vegetacije 15 dana nakon završetka oplodnje pristupilo se prvom uzimanju uzoraka za merenje mase listova klipa, četitri puta u razmaku od deset dana (V1-V4). Listovi su sušeni u sušnici na 60˚C.12 h. Efekat genotipa ogledao se u različitoj masi listova klipa i dinamici gubitka vlage. Najizraženiji bio je kod hibrid ZP4242 gde je zabeležen najveći gubitak vlage , između V1 i V4, 9.86 % g. Ujedno to je i hibrid sa najvećom svežom masom listova, 88,71 g. Dinamika smanjivanje mase, odnosno gubitka vlage, kod svih hibrida bila je linearna, sem izuzetaka gde je usled padavina koje su bile u julu (66,7 mm) i augustu (58,2 mm), došlo do povećanja mase listova klipa u kasnijim terminima. Ovo odstupanje zabeleženo je kod ZP4242, u svim gustinama u četvrtom terminu uzorkovanja V4. Prosečna masa listova po gustinama kretala se od 70,88 g do 89,97 g dok je dinamika smanjenja vlage bila najveća u G1, 26, 6% vlage. Na manjim gustinama masa listova klipa bila je veća. Krajnji rezultat efekta gustine setve i genotipa na otpuštanje vlage iz listova klipa a time i zrna kukuruza, je optimalna berba i smanjenje rizika od gubitaka u prinosu.

Maize husk mass affects the dynamics of maize kernel moisture release as well as the yield and harvest timing of maize. The aim of this study was to observe the dynamics of moisture release in maize husks depending on the sowing density technology used. At the Zemun Polje location, a trail was established with three hybrids (H1-ZP 4708, H2-ZP4242, H3-ZP4790) in three densities (G1- 40,816, G2-69,689, G3-89,286). During the vegetation period, 15 days after fertilization, four samples (V1-V4) were taken to determine the fresh and dry weight of the husk. The leaves were dried in an oven at 60°C for 12 hours. The effect of the genotype was reflected in the different mass of the maize husks and the dynamics of moisture loss. It was most pronounced in hybrid ZP 4242, which had the highest moisture loss between V1 and V4 samples at 9.86 %. It is also the hybrid with the highest fresh mass of leaves, 88.71 g. The dynamics of mass reduction, i.e. moisture loss, was linear in all hybrids, except for the exceptions by ZP 4242. The effects of sowing density and genotype on the moisture release of the maize husks and thus the maize kernel lead to an optimal harvest and a reduction in the risk of yield loss.