Etiology of diseases of some medicinal plants in plantation in Serbia

Abstract

Marshmallow, coneflower, St. John's wort and sage, which grown in plantation, were the hosts of numerous fungi species that cause a variety of symptoms. A total of 34 species from 22 genera were determined. Some species pathogen on only one host (Puccinia malvacearum on marshmallow, Diaporthe eres and Seimatosporium hypericum on St. John's wort), while others were present at all examined hosts (species of the genus Fusarium are present in all examined hosts). The most abundant species in the seed was Alternaria alternate. The percentage of contaminated seeds ranged from 5% to 69%. Fusaium species were isolated from 2.5% to 29% of seeds, depending on the host and year. From the root of the studied medicinal plants seven species of Fusarium (F.graminearum, F. oxysporum, F.proliferatum, F.semitectum, F.solani, F.subglutinans and F.verticilioides) and one of the genus Sclerotinia (S.sclerotiorum) were isolated. Thirteen fungi species belonging to 10 genera were isolated from stem, leaves and flower of medicinal plants.

Plantažno gajeni beli slez, ehinacee, kantarion i žalfija su domaćini brojnih vrsta gljiva koje prouzrokuju različite simptome. Ukupno je determinisano 34 vrsta iz 22 roda. Neke vrste parazitiraju samo jednog domaćina (Puccinia malvacearum na belom slezu, Diaporthe eres i Seimatosporium hypericum na kantarionu), dok druge ispoljavaju izrazitu polifagnost (vrste iz roda Fusarium prisutne su na svim ispitivanim domaćinima). Najzastupljenija vrsta na semenu bila je Alternaria alternata, koja je uvek prisutna na semenu u visokom procentu, a pojednih godina i preko 60 %. Procenat kontaminiranog semana kretao se od 5% do 69%. godini. U proseku procenat zaraženog semena sa vrstama roda Fusaium bio 17,2% i kretao se od 2,5% do 29% u zavisnosti od domaćina i godine. Na korenu ispitivanih lekovitih biljaka izolovano je sedam vrsta gljiva iz roda Fusarium (F.graminearum, F.oxysporum, F.proliferatum, F.semitectum, F.solani, F.subglutinans i F verticilioides) i jedna iz roda Sclerotinia (S.sclerotiorum). Sa nadzemnih organa izolovano je 13 vrsta gljiva iz 10 rodova.