Bacterial wilt of tomato and Stolbur of tomato and pepper

Abstract

Bacterial diseases are very common in tomato and pepper crops, especially under favourable weather conditions. One of the economically most important pathogens that affect tomato production worldwide is Ralstonia solanacearum, causal agent of bacterial wilt of tomato. The pathogen survives in soil and water. It colonizes xylem, clogs the vascular tissue preventing water movement throughout the stem, causing colapse of the infected plants. In addition, wilting of tomato and pepper can be caused by Candidatus Phytoplasma solani (Stolbur Phytoplasma). Main sources of infection with this pathogen are wild plants from where it is further transmitted by feeding of leafhopper vectors. The aim of this paper is to point to distribution and economic importance of those diseases, as well as characteristics of the pathogens. Information about symptoms and epidemiology of the disease are important for an accurate disease diagnosis and pathogen identification, which contributes to the timely and successful protection strategy.

Oboljenja bakteriozne prirode veoma su česta u usevima paradajza i paprike, posebno kada vremenski uslovi pogoduju nastanku i širenju infekcije. Među ekonomski najznačajnijim bakterijama koje ugrožavaju proizvodnju paradajza u svetu, izdvaja se prouzrokovač bakteriozne uvelosti paradajza Ralstonia solanacearum. Patogen se dugo održava u zemljištu i vodi. Naseljava ksilem biljaka onemogućavajući protok vode, usled čega dolazi do pojave uvelosti. Osim ovog patogena, simptome uvelosti paradajza i paprike može takođe prouzrokovati Candidatus Phytoplasma solani (Stolbur fitoplazma). Ovo oboljenje prenosi se cikadama, dok su glavni izvori infekcije korovske biljke. Cilj ovog rada je da se prikaže rasprostranjenost i ekonomski značaj navedenih oboljenja paradajza i paprike, kao i osnovne karakteristike njihovih prouzrokovača. Poznavanje simptomatologije i epidemiologije oboljenja je od posebnog značaja za pravilnu dijagnozu oboljenja i identifikaciju patogena, što doprinosi pravovremenoj i uspešnoj zaštiti.