Presence of the allochthonous invasive weed Iva xanthifolia Nutt. in Vojvodina

Abstract

Giant sumpweed (Iva xanthifolia Nutt.) is a newly-introduced invasive weed of the family Asteraceae that has spread in Vojvodina since the 1960s. The weed is currently most frequent in ruderal localities but it has also infested field crops over the past ten years. As part of an initial study of characteristics of giant sumpweed, we examined its spreading in the region of Vojvodina. Rural ruderal areas were included, as well as maize, sugar beet, sunflower and soybean crops. Giant sumpweed was detected in 51 localities in Vojvodina during investigation that was conducted from 2002 to 2006. It was most frequent in the region of Srem, i.e. in 24 localities, as well as in 17 localities in Bačka and 10 in Banat. Giant sumpweed predominantly occurs in ruderal habitats and has established itself well in ruderal floristic structures (24 localities), but it has also adapted well to the floristic structures of maize (10 localities), sugar beet (7 localities), sunflower (7 localities) and soybean (4 localities) crops. None of the investigated localities had a pure population with 100% presence of giant sumpweed but the species was one of 17 weeds that were found in all localities, which indicates that it has adapted well in Vojvodina and has a considerable potential for spreading.

Iva (Iva xanthifolia Nutt.) je nova invazivna vrsta korova iz porodice Asteraceae koja se u Vojvodini proširila šezdesetih godina prošlog veka. Trenutno se ova korovska vrsta najčešće sreće na ruderalnim lokalitetima, ali je tokom proteklih deset godina registrovana i u ratarskim usevima. U okviru preliminarnog ispitivanja osobina ive, proučavali smo njeno širenje u regionu Vojvodine. Proučavanja su obavljena u ruralnim ruderalnim područjima, kao i u usevima kukuruza, šećerne repe, suncokreta i soje. Tokom ispitivanja, koje je trajalo od 2002. do 2006. godine, iva je registrovana na 51 lokaciji u Vojvodini. Najrasprostranjenija je u regionu Srema, na 24 lokacija, a nađena je i na 17 lokacija u Bačkoj i 10 u Banatu. Iva je najrasprostranjenija na ruderalnim staništima i dobro se uklopila u ruderalne florističke strukture (24 lokacija), ali se prilagodila i florističkim strukturama useva kukuruza (10 lokaliteta), šećerne repe (7 lokaliteta), suncokreta (7 lokaliteta) i soje (4 lokaliteta). Mada ni na jednom lokalitetu iva nije zabeležena u čistoj populaciji sa 100% prisustva, ona predstavlja jednu od 17 korovskih vrsta koje su nađene na svim lokalitetima, što pokazuje da se dobro prilagodila uslovima Vojvodine i ima značajan potencijal širenja.