Evaluation of the quality of tomato seed populations from the organic production system during aging

Abstract

A total of six tomato seed populations, collected in the autumn of 2016 at different locations in Serbia (West (3), South (1), North (1) and East (1)), were enrolled in this study. Seeds of the tomato populations considered were produced in the organic growing system in the area of Zaovice (76 m a.s.l., chernozem), Stara Pazova, Northern Serbia (44˚ 47 '19.6" N, 20˚ 27' 56.2" E) in 2017. Analyses of the germination parameters of the tomato seed populations examined (namely the germination energy, total germination, abnormal seedlings and dead seeds of the tomato seeds considered) indicated significant (r lt 0.01) differences according to the production year (A) and the tomato seed population (B). The impact interactions (r lt 0.01) of these factors (A × B) proved significant only relative to dead seeds. A highly significant positive correlation was found between the germination energy and the total germination of the seeds considered (r = 0.8711, p lt 0.001), as well as between the amounts of their abnormal seedlings and dead seeds (r = 0.92297, p lt 0.001). The germination energy and the total germination of the tomato seeds considered were found to decrease with the increasing seed age, in contrast to the numbers of their abnormal seedlings and dead seeds which continued to increase with seed aging.

Seme šest populacija/sorti paradajza prikupljeno je u jesen 2016. sa različitih lokaliteta iz Srbije: zapadne (3 populacije), južne (1), severne (1) i istočne (1). Proizvodnja semena populacija paradajza u organskom sistemu gajenja izvedena je 2017. godine na lokaciji zapadne Srbije u Staroj Pazovi, potes Zovice (76 m n.v.) 44˚ 47 '19.6" N, 20˚ 27' 56.2" E. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se izvrši ocena uticaja godine i populacije na pokazatelje kvaliteta semena paradajza tokom 2017, 2018. i 2019.. Seme je čuvano u skladištu upakovano u pvc-kesama na temperaturi ispod 15ºC, RH 50%. Analiza energije klijanja, ukupne klijavosti, neneormalnih klijanaca i mrtvog semena paradjza pokazala je visoko značajne razlike (r lt 0,01) pod uticajem faktora godina (A) i populacija semena (B). Veoma značajna interakcija (r lt 0,01) ispitivanih faktora u pogledu mrtvog semena paradajza dobijena je samo kod međusobnog uticaja faktora A × B. Zabeležena je visoko značajna korelacija (p≤0.001) između energije klijanja i ukupne klijavosti, i između broja neneormalnih klijanaca i mrtvog semena. Energija klijanja i ukupna klijavost sa povećanjem starosti semena opadaju, dok broj nenormalnih klijanaca i mrtvog semena raste. Rezultati ovog rada treba da daju doprinos u shvatanju značaja autohtonih populacija/sorti ne samo paradajza, već i autohtonih sorti semena ostalog povrća; odnosno da ukažu na značaj očuvanja genetičkih resursa za organsku poljoprivredu.